Subject(s)
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/administration & dosage , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics , Immunization , Lactuca/genetics , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Food, Genetically Modified , Hepatitis B Antibodies/biosynthesis , Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage , Hepatitis B Vaccines/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Plants, Genetically ModifiedABSTRACT
The infectious hepatitis B virus represents 42 nm spherical double-shelled particles. However, analysis of blood from hepatitis B virus carriers revealed the presence of smaller 22 nm particles consisting of a viral envelope surface protein. These particles are highly immunogenic and have been used in the design of hepatitis B virus vaccine produced in yeast. Upon expression in yeast, these proteins form virus-like particles that are used for parenteral immunization. Therefore, the DNA fragment encoding hepatitis B virus surface antigen was introduced into Agrobacterium tumerifacience LBA4404 and used to obtain transgenic lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Burpee Bibb expressing envelope surface protein. Mice that were fed the transgenic lupin tissue developed significant levels of hepatitis B virus-specific antibodies. Human volunteers, fed with transgenic lettuce plants expressing hepatitis B virus surface antigen, developed specific serum-IgG response to plant produced protein.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology , Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology , Plants, Genetically Modified , Vaccines, DNA/immunology , Administration, Oral , Adult , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genetics , Eating , Fabaceae/genetics , Female , Genetic Vectors , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics , Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage , Humans , Lactuca/genetics , Male , Middle Aged , Plants, Medicinal , Transformation, Genetic , Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Cytodiagnosis/methods , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Sputum/cytology , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , PolandSubject(s)
Bronchitis/diagnosis , Sputum/cytology , Cytodiagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , PrognosisABSTRACT
Two-stage pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis treated with rifampicin (RMP). At the first stage of the studies in 100 patients blood and urinary drug levels were determined. The results showed that RMP applied orally penetrates rapidly into the circulation and reaches high serum concentrations varying largely in individual patients. At the second stage of the studies in further 30 patients blood, urinary and sputum RMP levels were simultaneously determined and the biological half-life of RMP and its distribution were checked. It was found that the biological half-life of RMP was 3.79 h, the distribution at the initial stage 38%, and after a few weeks of treatment 52.1%. The authors are of the opinion that the increased value of this parameter has a direct effect on the fall in serum RMP concentration at the later period of treatment. The amount of active RMP excreted by the kidneys of patients with lung tuberculosis averages 33.5%.
