[The development of kit for hybridization extraction of DNA and RNA of agents of hemotransmissive infections from serum and blood plasma].

To decrease dependence of effectiveness of isolation of nucleic acids of composition and amount of applied sample a kit was developed for hybridization extraction of DNA HBV RNA HCV and RNA HIV from blood serum in two formats--using up to 250 mkl and up to 1 ml of sample. This kit, in complex with kits for detection using polymerase chain reaction technique in real-time, forms a test characterized by high analytical sensitivity i.e. HBV50 copies per ml, HCV37.5 copies per ml, HIV 13 copies per ml. The developed kit for extraction of target nucleic acids permits to get rid of total DNA and inhibited effect of heparin. It can be adapted for application wit factors B and automated stations of sample preparation.

[Female tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the Sverdlovsk Region].

In 2000 to 2006, the female proportion increased in the structure of tuberculosis morbidity from 21.4 to 30.1% and in that tuberculosis mortality from 13.1 to 21.4% in the Sverdlovsk Region. Female tuberculosis morbidity increased mainly at the age of 25-34 years (by 50.9%) and 35-44 years (by 66.0%) and tuberculosis mortality by 2.7 times and 42.1%, respectively. The increase was due to the proportion of socially poor unemployed women. Pregnancy and lactation worsened the course of tuberculosis resulting in death in 1.3% of young women. Of the greatest importance was a patient's poor social status: only 6% of the women with tuberculosis leading to death were employed; 2.8% were dying. A portion of those who died from tuberculosis were drug addicts (5.4%) and HIV infected (12.3%).

[Tuberculosis and HIV infection in the Sverdlovsk Region].

In 2003, there were 6.9-, 4.6-, and 5.5-fold increases in the prevalence, incidence of, and mortality due to tuberculosis, respectively among the HIV-infected as compared with the HIV-uninfected population (adults and children) of the Sverdlovsk Region. As HIV infection progresses from its preclinical stages to AIDS, the tuberculosis epidemic situation in the Sverdlovsk Region begins to drastically deteriorate with a predominant rise in tuberculosis mortality rates. The large number of tuberculosis-unvaccinated babies born to HIV-infected mothers cause an increase in primary infection with tuberculosis and in its incidence in young childhood.

[Tuberculosis in the prisons of the Sverdlovsk Region].

In 1997 to 2002, the Sverdlovsk Region showed a reduction in the proportion of the accused and prisoners among adults and adolescents from 37.2 to 17.3% in the structure of tuberculosis morbidity and from 18.2 to 3.2% in that of its mortality. In 2003, prophylactic examinations revealed tuberculosis in 95% of the accused and prisoners. As compared with the general population, in adult and adolescent prisoners, morbidity due to tuberculosis was 8 times higher, its relapses were 9 times greater (early and late relapses being 28 and 3 times greater, respectively), its incidence was 9-fold and mortality, 1.3-fold.

[Tuberculosis in children from the Sverdlovsk Region].

The tuberculosis morbidity rate in BGC-unvaccinated infants is 18 times greater than that in BCG-vaccinated infants and 6 times higher than the rate of complications due to BCG vaccination. If a scar due to BCG vaccination is absent or 1-2 mm, the tuberculosis morbidity in children of 3 years of life is 7 times higher than when a 3-mm or more scar has formed after vaccination. The technological failures are main causes of complications due to BCG vaccination. The type of a vaccine (BCG-1 or BCG-M) does not play a substantial role in the development of complications.