Espessura do Músculo Adutor do Polegar no Diagnóstico de Desnutrição em Pacientes Oncológicos / Thumb Adductor Muscle Thickness in the Diagnosis of Malnutrition in Cancer Patients / Espesor del Músculo Aductor del Pulgar en el Diagnóstico de Desnutrición en Pacientes con Cáncer

Introdução: Pacientes oncológicos apresentam alto risco de desnutrição, em razão das desordens metabólicas da doença e de tratamentos necessários. A espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (EMAP) avalia o compartimento muscular, podendo ser útil para detectar a desnutrição precoce. Objetivo: Verificar a frequência de desnutrição em pacientes oncológicos conforme a EMAP e correlacionar com o índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência do braço (CB) e avaliação subjetiva global produzida pelo próprio paciente (ASG-PPP). Método: Estudo transversal, com indivíduos com idade maior ou igual a 20 anos, internados para administração de quimioterapia, em um hospital do Vale do Taquari-RS. Foram coletados dados antropométricos: peso, altura, CB e EMAP durante a triagem nutricional. A ASG-PPP foi aplicada para avaliação do estado nutricional. Os dados foram analisados por meio do software SPSS versão 26.0, e as variáveis relacionadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e correlacionadas pelo teste de Spearman. Resultados: Foram avaliados 41 pacientes. Destes, 68,3% foram classificados com algum grau de redução pela EMAP. A ASG-PPP classificou 78% em risco nutricional/ desnutrição moderada e desnutrição grave. Houve correlação significativa entre a EMAP e a ASG-PPP. Foi observada correlação inversa entre a EMAP e o IMC. A EMAP teve associação significativa com o IMC, a CB e a ASG-PPP. Conclusão: A EMAP é um método eficaz, utilizado para diagnosticar desnutrição, podendo ser associado a outros métodos de avaliação para o diagnóstico nutricional de pacientes oncológicos

Introduction: Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition due to the metabolic disorders of the disease and the required treatments. The adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) evaluates the muscular compartment and can be useful to detect early malnutrition. Objective: To verify the frequency of malnutrition in cancer patients according to APMT and correlate with the body mass index (BMI), mid arm circumference (MAC) and patient generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA). Method: Cross-sectional study, with individuals aged 20 years or older, admitted for chemotherapy treatment, in a hospital in Vale do Taquari-RS. Anthropometric data were collected: weight, height, MAC and APMT during nutritional screening. PG-SGA was applied to assess nutritional status. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0 and the variables were related using Pearson's Chi-square test and correlated by Spearman's test. Results: 41 patients were evaluated. Of these, 68.3% were classified with some degree of reduction by APMT. The PG-SGA classified 78% in nutritional risk/moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition. There was a significant correlation between APMT and PG-SGA. An inverse correlation was observed between APMT and BMI. APMT had a significant association with BMI, MAC and PG-SGA. Conclusion: APMT is an effective method utilized to diagnose malnutrition and can be associated with other assessment methods for the nutritional diagnosis of cancer patients

Introducción: Los pacientes con cáncer tienen un alto riesgo de desnutrición, debido a los trastornos metabólicos de la enfermedad y los tratamientos necesarios. El grosor del músculo aductor del pulgar (EMAP) evalúa el compartimento muscular y puede ser útil para detectar la desnutrición precoz. Objetivo: Verificar la frecuencia de desnutrición en pacientes oncológicos según la EMAP y correlacionar con el índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia del brazo (CB) y evaluación global subjetiva producida por el paciente (EGS-PPP). Método: Estudio transversal, con individuos de 20 años o más, ingresados para administración de quimioterapia, en un hospital de Vale do Taquari-RS. Se recogieron datos antropométricos: peso, talla, CB y EMAP durante el cribado nutricional. Se aplicó EGS-PPP para evaluar el estado nutricional. Los datos se analizaron mediante el software SPSS versión 26.0 y las variables se relacionaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y se correlacionaron mediante la prueba de Spearman. Resultados: Se evaluaron 41 pacientes. De estos, el 68,3% fueron clasificados con algún grado de reducción por EMAP. La EGS-PPP clasificó al 78% en riesgo nutricional/desnutrición moderada y desnutrición severa. Hubo una correlación significativa entre EMAP y EGS-PPP. Se observó una correlación inversa entre EMAP e IMC. EMAP tuvo una asociación significativa con IMC, CB y EGS-PPP. Conclusión: EMAP es un método eficaz para diagnosticar la desnutrición y puede utilizarse junto con otros métodos de evaluación para el diagnóstico nutricional de pacientes con cáncer

Fumonisin B1 facilitates seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol in mice.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a Fusarium spp. mycotoxin which constitutes a major public health issue because of its worldwide distribution and diversity of toxic effects.While the liver and kidney are considered the major target organs of FB1 toxicity in several species, evidence indicates that FB1 may be toxic to the brain. To further investigate the effects of FB1 on the central nervous system the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that acute FB1 exposure causes brain hyperexcitability and the potential underlying mechanisms. For these purposes, adult male C57BL/6 mice were injected with FB1 (8 mg/kg, i.p.) or its vehicle and 30 min thereafter received with a low dose of the classical convulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) or its vehicle. After behavioral evaluation the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus were collected for analysis of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrial complex I and II activities. We found that FB1 reduced the latency for PTZ-induced myoclonic jerks and increased the number of these events. After exposure to FB1 total and α1 Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activities increased in cerebral cortex, whereas the same enzyme activities decreased in the hippocampus. Although no changes in mitochondrial complex I and II activities were found, acute exposure to FB1 increased ΔΨm in the cerebral cortex. Altogether, present results indicate that FB1 causes brain hyperexcitability in vivo, and that mitochondrial dysfunction may represent a potential underlying mechanism.