Bacterial Film Disintegration with Electrochemically Reduced Water.

The aim of this work was to study the fine structure of bacterial films grown on the inner tube surface of a flow reactor. Using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) approaches, the detailed biofilm relief was visualized. The action of electrochemically reduced water (ERW) on the biofilm ultrastructure generated by the plankton form of E. coli and/or lacto bacteria was investigated. The treatment with an ERW solution destroyed the biofilm organic polymer matrix and bacterial cells embedded in the matrix.

Disintegration of Bacterial Film by Electrochemically Activated Water Solution.

The structure of bacterial film formed at the inner surface of the recirculation reactor tube, is studied. The surface relief of the biofilm was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of electrochemically activated water solution on the film formed from planktonic lactobacteria or E. coli was studied. Treatment with electrochemically activated water solution destroys cells and polymeric matrix of the biofilm.

Amino Acid Correction of Regulatory Volume Decrease Evoked by Hypotonic Stress in Mouse Oocytes In Vitro.

Regulatory volume decrease in response to hypotonic stress is typical of the oocytes and early mouse embryos. Changes in the kinetics of osmotic reaction can be used as a marker of the modulating effect of the incubation medium on transmembrane transport in embryonic cells. Quantitative laser scanning microtomography (QLSM) was used to measure oocyte volume. In this paper, it is shown that addition of 5 µM glycine, taurine, or GABA, as well as ATP to Dulbecco's medium abolished the regulatory volume decrease in mature mouse oocytes.

[Electrone probe microanalysis of rubidium retention in myocell of rat heart during acute ischemia].

In the given investigation contents of potassium and its physiological analog, rubidium, are determined in cardiomyocyte. Applying Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), cytoplasmic concentrations of elements (K, Rb) are measured. The data obtained exhibit that for initial acute ischemia phase the active transport is involved in the uptake of rubidium which competes with potassium entry in cardiac myocell. Then, deep deenergization leads to the intracellular potassium depletion and rubidium retention. This suggests that Rb+ is physiologically not complete analog for K+. Results of combined perfusion with and without rubidium allow us to hypothesize the appearance of cascade of ionic transports to compensate acute ischemic disturbances following the oxygen and substrate deficiency.

[Cyto B dependent and ouabain insensitive regulatory volume decrease in bicellular mouse embryo].

Mouse single-cell embryos exhibit robust Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD). In what manner the very early mammalian embryo following zygote stage is appreciably altered by the anisotonic extracellular solution is, as yet, totally unclear. Little attention was paid to this direction since there was no way to determine the blastomere volume. This work has served to quantitatively investigate the osmotic response of bicellular mouse embryos employing Laser Scanning Microtomography (LSM) followed with three-dimensional reconstruction (3 DR). We have shown that bicellular mouse embryos in hypotonic Dulbecco's experience RVD. Embryonic cells subjected to hyposmolar exhibit rapid osmotic swelling followed by gradual shrinking back toward their original volume. The van't Hoff law defines swelling phase with the effective hydraulic conductivity of 0.3 micron x min(-1) x atm(-1). Water release during RVD in bicellular mouse embryos is abolished by Cytochalasin B (Cyto B) and the volume recovery is insensitive to ouabain treatment.

Estimation of isotonic point of incubation medium for two-cell mouse embryo.

Osmolarity of Dulbecco's medium at which the volume of two-cell mouse embryo remained similar to that of intact embryo was determined. The method is based on comparison of kinetic curves describing the volume of embryonic cell in solutions of different osmolarity. The blastomere volume was measured by quantitative laser microtomography after fixed osmotic stress intervals. It was found that Dulbecco's saline with 125 mM NaCl solution is an isotonic solution for two-cell mouse embryo. This concentration corresponds to 290 mOsm, which is lower than osmolarity (~310 mOsm) of media routinely used for culturing of differentiated cells or biological fluids, e.g. blood plasma.

[Electron probe microanalysis of potassium, sodium, and chlorine levels in the cardiomyocyte cytoplasm during acute ischemia].

Electron probe microanalysis was applied to determine cytoplasmic elemental (K, Na, Cl) concentrations in cardiac cells of the rat (Wistar). Potassium, sodium and chlorine contents were measured in papillary muscle myocytes of the rat heart perfused by the Langendorff's procedure. Ischemic depletion was created by perfusion with deeply deoxygenated Tirode's solution in the absence of glucose. It was found that the initial phase of acute ischemia is characterized by the potassium deficiency and the accumulation of sodium and chlorine in cardiac myocytes. It should be noted that changes in the total charge of the main intracellular cations (K+, Na+) do not compensate for the increased chlorine concentration. This result can be accounted for by the appearance of ionic (K+ and Cl-) transport coupled with the removal of lactate anions produced in cardiomyocytes during anaerobic glycolysis.

Analysis of changes in cell volume of a mouse early embryo exposed to osmotic shock.

The impact of the osmotic component of the incubation medium for the volume of mouse early embryonic cell was studied by laser scanning microscopy. Common Dulbecco's medium caused a prolonged hyperosmotic effect. Adaptive phase of regulatory compensation for the osmotic shock was observed under hypotonic conditions. From these data, water permeability of the blastomer membrane is evaluated as 0.4 micro/(minxatm).