[Role of neutrophilic leukocytes in pathogenesis of idiopathic fibrosing pulmonary alveolitis]. / Rol' neitrofil'nykh leikotsitov v patogeneze idiopaticheskogo fibroznogo al'veolita.

The study was undertaken to obtain additional data on the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Various functional parameters of neutrophilic functional activity, i.e. phagocytosis, chemotaxis, random migration, oxidative metabolism (3 types of chemiluminescence: spontaneous formylmethionyl peptide-stimulated, and prodigiosan-stimulated), and the level of circulating immune complexes of different size were determined in patients with IPF and healthy individuals. The patients showed a decrease in phagocytosis and an increase in neutrophilic chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism, which was related to the output of toxic oxygen forms. The changes revealed were found to be associated with the activity of an pathological process. The findings suggest that neutrophils can be involved both in the development of and in the occurrence of a pathological process in IPF.

[The use of halotherapy for the rehabilitation of patients with acute bronchitis and a protracted and recurrent course]. / Primenenie galoterapii dlia reabilitatsii bol'nykh ostrym bronkhitom s zatiazhnym i retsidiviruiushchim techeniem.

Halotherapy was used for rehabilitation in 25 patients with acute bronchitis of long-standing and recurrent types. The main therapeutic action was ensured by aerodispersed medium saturated with dry highly dispersed sodium chloride aerosol, the required mass concentration being maintained in the range of 1 to 5 mg/m3. Therapy efficacy was controlled through assessment of clinical, functional, immunological and microbiological findings. Metabolic activity values were taken into consideration as well. Positive dynamics of the function indices in the clinical picture resulted from elimination of pathogenic agents, control of slowly running inflammatory lesions and stimulation of some immune system factors. Favourable changes in metabolic activity were present: normalization of serotonin excretion, marked decrease of unbalance in lipid peroxidation-antioxidant system.

[Diagnosis and treatment of generalized forms of sarcoidosis]. / Osobennosti diagnostiki i lecheniia generalizovannykh form sarkoidoza.

A total of 132 patients with generalized sarcoidosis (GS) who amounted to 2.8% out of 4700 examinees and followed-up patients with respiratory sarcoidosis were studied. The pathomorphological study of biopsy specimens, X-ray functional, and immunological studies are of great importance in the diagnosis of GS. The latter in the examinees was characterized by the most common lesions to the skin, subcutaneous fat, peripheral lymph nodes, liver, spleen, central and peripheral nervous systems and eyes. The combined pathogenetic therapy developed, which involves corticosteroidal hormones and anabolic drugs, immunomodulators, antioxidants and antihypoxants has been shown to be effective in 62% of the patients.

[Clinico-immunologic aspects of the differential diagnosis of disseminated processes in the lungs]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie aspekty differentsial'noi diagnostiki disseminirovannykh protsessov v legkikh.

The results of examination of 224 patients with newly detected disseminated processes in the lungs who were admitted for differential diagnosis are presented. Immunologic studies which include determination of the natural killer activity, neutrophil phagocytosis, a total number of T- and B-lymphocytes and synthesis of antituberculosis antibodies in the indirect hemagglutination reaction with three basic M. tuberculosis antigens (phosphatide, polysaccharide and tuberculin) proved to be of high diagnostic value. Immunologic tests used along with clinical studies allowed timely diagnosis of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in 62 patients, the disseminated forms of lung sarcoidosis in 115 and nonspecific diseases (microfocal pneumonias of a protracted character, pneumoconioses carcinomatoses, etc.) in 57 patients.

[The role of phagocytic cells in the pathogenesis of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis]. / Rol' fagotsitiruiushchikh kletok v patogeneze idiopaticheskogo fibroziruiushchego al'veolita.

The paper deals with the examination of the role of phagocytes--alveolar macrophages and neutrophils--and peripheral monocytes, in the pathogenesis of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (IFA). As the disease aggravates, activation of the absorbing capacity of monocyte-macrophagal cells corresponds to a sharp rise in the level of circulating immune complexes in the blood of IFA patients. Higher activities of elastase and collagenase are observed in the IFA patients' bronchial lavage fluid.

[Respiratory viral infection and the immune reactivity of patients with different forms of bronchitis]. / Respiratornaia virusnaia infektsiia i immunnaia reaktivnost' u bol'nykh s razlichnymi formami bronkhita.

Virological and immunological examinations made in 258 persons with different forms of bronchitis (acute, relapsing, chronic nonobstructive and obstructive) made it possible to establish a correlation between the forms of bronchitis and the intensity of immunosuppression as well as between the variety and duration of respiratory virus infections, which may indicate that viruses are implicated in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic processes.

[Anaerobic infection and its effect on the immune status of patients with acute destruction of the lungs]. / Anaérobnaia infektsiia i ee vliianie na immunnyi status bol'nykh s ostrymi destruktsiiami legkikh.

From studying immunological reactivity in dynamics in 107 patients with acute destructions of the lungs, the authors proved that the severity and duration of the disorders are determined to a great extent by the presence of anaerobic infection in a pure form (18 patients) or in association with aerobic microflora (23 patients).

[Hemosorption in the complex therapy of severe forms of acute pneumonia and infectious destruction of the lungs]. / Gemosorbtsiia v kompleksnoi terapii tiazhelykh form ostrykh pnevmonii i infektsionnykh destruktsii legkikh.

The article deals with the results of treatment of 60 patients with severe pneumonia and acute infectious destructions of the lungs. Hemosorption improved the results of treatment of patients with this pathological condition due to rapid recovery from the state of toxicosis, stimulation of immunity, and improvement of microcirculation. The dynamics of changes of the immunological values are discussed, the indications for conducting hemosorption in patients with severe pneumonia and infectious destructions of the lungs and the criteria of its efficacy are determined.

[Natural killers in the blood of patients with limited forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Estestvennye killery krovi u bol'nykh s ogranichennymi formami tuberkuleza legkikh.

Activity of natural killer cells in blood of 47 new cases of limited tuberculosis of the lung was studied during their complex examination. There was a significant decrease in the activity of the natural killer cells in tuberculous patients which could be used as an additional criterion of the specific process activity.

[Comparative immunologic characteristics of patients with acute and chronic bronchitis]. / Sravnitel'naia immunologicheskaia kharakteristika bol'nykh ostrym i kkhronicheskim bronkhitom.

Twenty patients with acute, 24 with chronic nonobstructive and 16 with chronic obstructive bronchitis were examined over time. The activity of the inflammatory process was taken into account while analyzing the data obtained in the course of immunologic studies. The patients with chronic bronchitis demonstrated a noticeable decrease in the immune response as compared to those with acute bronchitis. Application of multidimensional statistic analysis made it possible to reveal the most informative characteristics of immune responsiveness in acute and chronic bronchitis depending on the intensity of obstruction and the phase of the inflammatory process.

[Immunological reactivity of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Immunologicheskaia reaktivnost' bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

The paper is concerned with the results of a study of the immune status in 14 COB patients and 53 patients with COB aggravated by pulmonary emphysema and chronic cor pulmonale. The immunologic reactivity of patients was compared with that of healthy persons and persons suffering from frequent repeated bronchitides (35). Variations in the indices of humoral and cellular immunity and the phagocytic system were noted in the COB patients as compared to the normal values. The most noticeable shifts in the mean values as well as in disorders of interrelationships of immunological indices were noted in the patients with COB aggravated by pulmonary emphysema and chronic cor pulmonale. A decision rule was proposed for determination of imbalance of indices of the patients' immune system.

[Characteristics of viral infections in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Osobennosti virusnoi infektsii u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

Virological and immunological studies on 53 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis at the clinical stage of fading exacerbation were conducted. A high percentage of active viral infection (43%), persistence of viruses (25%) and virus-specific components (ribonucleoprotein in influenza) in the cells of brush biopsy bronchial mucosa specimens was characteristic for these patients. The respiratory-syncytial virus was the most common persisting virus (11%). A high percentage of association (72%) of respiratory viruses (influenza, adenoviruses) and pneumonia Mycoplasma contributed to an increase in a period of an infective process. The utmost decrease in indices of cellular immunity (natural killer cell activity, T-cell and phagocytosis function) was detected in a group of patients with a prolonged (over 4 months) virus persistence.

[Immunologic reactivity of the body and clinico-roentgenological picture of acute pneumonia in adults]. / Immunologicheskaia reaktivnost' organizma i kliniko-rentgenologicheskaia kartina ostroi pnevmonii u vzroslykh.

There was No correlation between the state of immunological reactivity in patients with acute pneumonia and the nature of infiltration of the pulmonary tissue (focal, confluent). Indices characterizing the cellular and humoral immunity links, were, to a large extent, related to a course of disease (complicated, uncomplicated). The most significant changes in the immune status were noted inn patients with acute pneumonia developing in the presence of chronic bronchitis.