Detección y clasificación de la enfermedad renal crónica en Atención Primaria y la importancia de la albuminuria / Detection and classification of chronic kidney disease in Primary Care and importance of albuminuria

Introducción. La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un problema de salud pública. La Atención Primaria (AP) es clave en su detección y estratificación, mediante el filtrado glomerular estimado (FGe) y el grado de albuminuria, para un correcto manejo. Nuestro objetivo ha sido valorar la prevalencia de pacientes atendidos en AP con ERC y su estratificación. Material y métodos. Hemos analizado la prevalencia de ERC en pacientes mayores de 18 años y su estratificación según las guías Kidney Disease-Improving Global Outcomes, a través de los controles bioquímicos solicitados desde AP durante 5 años. Cuando un mismo paciente disponía de varios controles bioquímicos se seleccionó el control con mejor FGe. Resultados. Entre 2010 y 2014 se solicitaron desde AP de nuestra área de salud 304.523 analíticas pertenecientes a 97.470 pacientes, con una edad media de 53,4±19,4 años; el 57,2% eran mujeres. La prevalencia de FGe<60mL/min/1,73m2 fue del 7,6%. Del total de analíticas, solo el 16,6% disponían de alguna cuantificación de albuminuria o proteinuria, correspondientes al 15,2% de los pacientes. La albuminuria fue cuantificada en el 15,4% de los controles con FGe ≥ 60 mL/min/1,73m2. En aquellos con FGe entre 30-59mL/min/1,73m2 (estadios G3a-3b) la determinación de albuminuria o proteinuria fue del 27,1%, y en los que tenían un FGe<30mL/min/1,73m2 (estadios G4-5) fue del 23,4%. En los diabéticos ascendía al 37,7% y era del 23,5% en los pacientes con glucemia basal alterada. Conclusiones. La determinación de albuminuria sigue siendo poco solicitada. Solo uno de cada 6 pacientes atendidos en AP puede ser correctamente estratificado, aunque es algo superior en pacientes con FGe disminuido y diabéticos

Introduction. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem, and Primary Care (PC) plays a key role in its detection and classification based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as well as the level of albuminuria for its proper management. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence and classification of CKD in patients attended in PC. Material and methods. An analysis was made of CKD prevalence and classification according to the Kidney Disease-Improving Global Outcomes guidelines in PC patients. All biochemical analyses requested from PC on patients 18 years and older over a 5-year period were collected. When several analyses were available on a patient, the biochemistry result with the best eGFR was selected. Results. Between 2010 and 2014, PC requested 304,523 biochemical analyses on 97,470 adult patients, with a mean age of 53.4±19.4 years, of which 57.2% were women. CKD prevalence was 7.6%. Urine protein results were present in only 16.6% of analyses, and only 15.2% patients had a urine protein result. Urine albumin was measured 15.4% of biochemical controls with eGFR≥60mL/min/1.73m2, in 27.1% of patients with eGFR between 30-59mL/min/1.73m2 (G3a-3b stages), and in 23.4% of patients with eGFR<30mL/min/1.73m2 (G4-5 stages). Urine albumin was tested in 37.7% of diabetics and in 23.5% of impaired fasting glucose. Conclusions. Requests for the measurement of urine proteins/albumin in PC patients are low, leading to only one in 6 PC patients being classified correctly. The measurement of urine proteins/albumin is higher in CKD and diabetic patients

[Detection and classification of chronic kidney disease in Primary Care and importance of albuminuria]. / Detección y clasificación de la enfermedad renal crónica en Atención Primaria y la importancia de la albuminuria.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem, and Primary Care (PC) plays a key role in its detection and classification based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as well as the level of albuminuria for its proper management. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence and classification of CKD in patients attended in PC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis was made of CKD prevalence and classification according to the Kidney Disease-Improving Global Outcomes guidelines in PC patients. All biochemical analyses requested from PC on patients 18 years and older over a 5-year period were collected. When several analyses were available on a patient, the biochemistry result with the best eGFR was selected. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2014, PC requested 304,523 biochemical analyses on 97,470 adult patients, with a mean age of 53.4±19.4 years, of which 57.2% were women. CKD prevalence was 7.6%. Urine protein results were present in only 16.6% of analyses, and only 15.2% patients had a urine protein result. Urine albumin was measured 15.4% of biochemical controls with eGFR≥60mL/min/1.73m2, in 27.1% of patients with eGFR between 30-59mL/min/1.73m2 (G3a-3b stages), and in 23.4% of patients with eGFR<30mL/min/1.73m2 (G4-5 stages). Urine albumin was tested in 37.7% of diabetics and in 23.5% of impaired fasting glucose. CONCLUSIONS: Requests for the measurement of urine proteins/albumin in PC patients are low, leading to only one in 6 PC patients being classified correctly. The measurement of urine proteins/albumin is higher in CKD and diabetic patients.

Estandarización del manejo de accesos vasculares de hemodiálisis en el Hospital de Alta Especialidad de Yucatán / Standardization of vascular access management in hemodialysis in a High Specialty Hospital in Yucatan / Padronização do manejo de acessos vasculares de hemodiálises no Hospital de Alta Especialidade de Yucatán

Introducción: La calidad del cuidado de enfermería en la unidad de hemodiálisis del Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán se fundamenta en el conocimiento científico, la evidencia clínica y la seguridad del paciente. Objetivo: Mejorar el cuidado del paciente con tratamiento hemodialítico y homogeneizar la práctica de enfermería. Métodos: Se diseñó un proyecto de intervención para estandarizar el manejo de los accesos vasculares mediante capacitación y cumplimiento del personal de enfermería. Se llevó a cabo de mayo-octubre del 2016, incluyó 12 enfermeros del área, quienes se evaluaron al inicio y al final, se les proporcionó una capacitación intermedia. Resultados: Los puntajes de la primera evaluación se ubicaban por debajo de los estándares de calidad, en el caso de las fístulas la puntuación obtenida fue de 27.58 puntos ± 2.64 y para los catéteres de 26.58 puntos ± 4.03; las fases más comprometidas en cada caso fueron la desconexión y la curación, respectivamente. Luego de la capacitación las puntuaciones mejoraron de forma considerable, la diferencia en las medias encontradas en el manejo de ambos accesos vasculares entre el antes y el después de la estandarización del procedimiento, fueron de t = -17.602, gl = 11, p = 0.000 para las fístulas y de t = -10.724, gl = 11, p = 0.000 para los catéteres. Conclusiones: Los resultados confirman la efectividad de la capacitación. Aún existen áreas de oportunidad, pero los resultados se han mantenido desde entonces, se gestionó la calidad y abastecimiento de los insumos, asimismo se han involucrado otras disciplinas en el proyecto.

Introduction: Nursing healthcare quality in the hemodialysis unit of the High Specialty Regional Hospital of Yucatan is based on the scientific knowledge, the clinical evidence, and the patient safety. Objective: To improve patient care under hemodialysis treatment and homogenize the corresponding nursing practice. Methods: An intervention project was designed to standardize the management of vascular access through nursing staff training and good performance. The initiative was carried out in May-October, 2016 and included 12 nurses of the area who were assessed pre and post an intermediate level training. Results: Scores in the first assessment were below the quality standards: fistulae related: 27.58 ±2.644, and catheter-related: 26.58 ±4.033. The most sensitive procedures in each case were disconnection and healing respectively. After the training, the related scores improved considerably -the mean differences found in the management of both vascular accesses before and after the standardization of the procedure were t = -17.602, gl = 11, P = .000 for fistulae related, and t = -10.724, gl = 11, P = .000 for catheter related. Conclusions: Results confirmed the effectiveness of the training, and the provision and quality of the supplies have been further fostered. Moreover, other disciplines have also been involved in this initiative.

Introdução: A qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem na unidade de hemodiálise do Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidade da Península de Yucatán fundamenta-se no conhecimento científico, a evidencia clínica e a segurança do paciente. Objetivo: Melhorar o cuidado do paciente com tratamento de hemodiálise e homogeneizar a prática de enfermagem. Métodos: Desenhou-se um projeto de intervenção para padronizar o manejo dos acessos vasculares mediante capacitação e cumprimento do pessoal de enfermagem. Levou-se a cabo de maio-outubro de 2016, incluiu 12 enfermeiros da área, quem se avaliou ao início e ao final, com uma capacitação intermédia. Resultados: A pontuação da primeira avaliação situava-se por embaixo dos estândares de qualidade, no caso das fístulas a pontuação obtida foi de 27.58 pontos ± 2.644 e para os cateteres de 26.58 pontos ± 4.033; as fases mais comprometidas em cada caso foram a desconexão e a cura, respectivamente. Logo da capacitação, as pontuações melhoraram de forma considerável, a diferença nas médias encontradas no manejo de ambos os acessos vasculares entre o antes e o depois da estandardização do procedimento, foram de t = -17.602, gl = 11, p = .000 para as fístulas e de t = -10.724, gl = 11, p = .000 para os cateteres. Conclusões: Os resultados confirmam a efetividade da capacitação. Ainda existem áreas de oportunidade, mas os resultados têm se mantido desde então, gerenciou-se a qualidade e abastecimento dos insumos, assim mesmo têm se envolvido outras disciplinas no projeto.

Flujo coronario con balón de contrapulsación intraaórtico / Coronary flow with intra-aortic balloon counter pulsation

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Asociación entre la presencia de Helicobacter pylori y patología gástrica detectadas por endoscopía / Association between the presence of Helicobacter pylori and gastric pathology detected by endoscopy

Con el objetivo de determinar la relación que existe entre la presencia de Helicobacter pylori en biopsia con las patologías gásticas detectadas por endoscopias, se realizó la presente investigación. Para ello se recopilaron datos de 1468 pacientes que se sometieron a este procedimiento y a quienes se les realizó biopsia gástrica en busca de la bacteria. La recolección de datos se efectuó por consulta de los registros médicos de los pacientes evaluados por los gastroenterólogos que colaboraron con el presente estudio y se obtuvo información acerca: edad, género, diagnóstico y presencia o ausencia de Helicobacter pilory en la biopsia realizada. Del total de 1468 pacientes, se encontró que 536 (36.5%) fueron hombres y 932 (63.5%) mujeres.

Isquemia medular poscirugía de aneurisma torácico / Thoracic aneurism postoperative medullary ischemia

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[Cardiac osteogenic sarcoma with chondroblastic differentiation]. / Sarcoma osteogénico cardiaco con diferenciación condroblástica.

Cardiac tumors are a rare disease. We show here one patient with a heart osteogenic sarcoma with chondroblastic differentiation. The clinical status was initiated with a cadre of cardiac tamponade. Transesophageal echocardiography and thoracic scanner were used to diagnose the cardiac tumor. The definitive diagnosis was confirmed with biopsy. At the present moment, there are very few cases reported in the references on osteogenic sarcoma with chondroblastic differentiation. The methods of diagnosis, the treatment and the histopathology are discussed.

[Pulmonary hypertension and early mortality after orthotopic heart transplantation]. / Hipertensión pulmonar y mortalidad precoz después del trasplante cardíaco ortotópico.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between hemodynamic parameters before heart transplantation and the mortality rate at the first week posttransplant. METHODS: 85 patients had an orthotopic heart transplant. Before the operation we measured: vascular pulmonary resistance, index of vascular pulmonary resistance, pulmonary arterial pressure systolic and median and transpulmonary gradient. Ten patients with values of vascular pulmonary resistance higher than four Wood units and/or pulmonary artery systolic pressure higher than 60 mmHg, had a test of pulmonary vascular reactivity, the result of that test did not contraindicate the transplant. We used the Student's t test and chi 2 with continuity correction and the Fisher's exact test for the analysis of the data. RESULTS: During the study period eight patients were dead (9.4%). The causes of death were: acute disfunction of the graft, 5 patients; multiorgan failure, 2 patients and septic shock, 1 patient. We compared the parameters of both groups of patients live and dead and could find a significant difference between the data with higher values in the death group: pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (p < 0.01); pulmonary arterial median pressure (p < 0.03) and transpulmonary gradient (p < 0.02). We also saw that the relative risk of mortality was 10.4 when the pulmonary artery systolic pressure was > or = 50 mmHg and 5.7 when the pulmonary vascular resistance was > or = 5 Wood units. CONCLUSIONS: It is important a good evaluation of the pulmonary hemodynamic before the heart transplantation for a better selection of the receptor. The severe pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary vascular resistance > or = 5 Wood units or pulmonary artery systolic pressure > or = 50 mmHg) was associated with a higher rate of early death.

[An endobronchial mass as the presentation of tuberculosis. A report of 3 cases and review of the literature]. / Masa endobronquial como presentación de tuberculosis. Descripción de tres casos y revisión de la literatura.

3 cases of endobronchial TB are described. They were diagnosed as endobronchial mass which deviated the diagnosis to another pathology in absence of sputum culture. The TB treatment produced a complete resolution of the lesions. We highlight the endobronchial mass as a non-frequent clinical feature of EBTB and we should bear this etiology in mind in differential diagnosis of all endobronchial masses even if the clinical and endoscopic data are of bronchial tumor.

[Hepatotoxicity induced by cyanamide. A review of the anatomicopathological changes apropos a case]. / Hepatotoxicidad inducida por cianamida. Revisión de las alteraciones anatomopatológicas a propósito de un caso.

A case of toxic liver disease induced by cyanamide in a patient in treatment with this drug during 18 months, is presented. We reviewed the different liver cell alterations produced by a long-term treatment with cyanamide, which produces fibrosis and portal inflammation, as well as polished cells with different characteristic features. These alterations forced the establishing of close controls of patients in treatment with this type of anti-alcoholism drug, as well as the reduction of the duration of therapy, this questioning the efficacy of the treatment of chronic alcoholism with this aversive drug.