The relationship between self-efficacy, malicious or benign envy in nurses: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To determine whether nurses' self-efficacy affected envy levels and to develop the necessary strategies. BACKGROUND: Envy is a widespread global phenomenon. Envy can harm the individual, the work environment, and nursing care. However, the relationships between self-efficacy and envy have not been adequately explored in the nursing context. METHODS: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study sample consisted of 361 nurses working in a university hospital in a province of Türkiye. The research model was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The participants were selected using convenience sampling. This study was reported using the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies. RESULTS: Nurses' educational status affected their self-efficacy. No other personal characteristics influenced self-efficacy and envy. There was a positive relationship between malicious and benign envy. As nurses' self-efficacy increased, malicious envy decreased and benign envy increased. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that nurses' education level affected self-efficacy, and self-efficacy level affected envy, and malicious envy could be reduced by improving nurses' self-efficacy. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Nursing managers and policymakers should support nursing education at the minimum undergraduate level, encourage nurses to continue their professional education to improve their self-efficacy, and provide training to increase their self-efficacy.

The relationship between subjective compliance with isolation precautions and moral sensitivity in novice nurses: cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Increasing compliance with isolation precautions is important in reducing hospital-acquired infections and their consequences. It is not possible to achieve and maintain nurse compliance through supervision, control, pressure, or training. Therefore, nurses must personally demand compliance with isolation precautions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between compliance with isolation precautions and the moral sensitivity levels of nurses who have just started working. METHODS: This study employed a descriptive and cross-sectional research design. The study population consisted of 456 new nurses recruited during the pandemic. All of the new nurses who volunteered to participate in the study and completed the questionnaires completely were included in the study and 398 nurses constituted the sample of the study. Data were collected from 398 out of 456 novice nurses who agreed to participate in the study. The population coverage rate was 87.28%. Participants were selected using convenience sampling method. The data collection tools included an Introductory Information Form, The Isolation Compliance Precautions Scale (TIPCS), and the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ). Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and regression models were used to analyze data. FINDINGS: The mean score of the MSQ was high (mean ± SD = 90.49 ± 25.94; median (P25-P75) = 84 (range, 74-97), and the score for TIPCS was high (mean ± SD = 79.29 ± 7.68; median (P25-P75) = 82 (range, 76-85)). No correlation was found between MSQ and TIPCS (p > 0.05). According to the regression analysis, although the MSQ did not correlate with TIPCS, compliance with isolation measures was found to increase as the conflict subscale of moral sensitivity increased (ß= -0.36, CI= -0.55 to -0.16; p < 0.001). Choosing the profession willingly had a positive correlation with compliance with isolation measures (ß = 5.3, CI = 2.4 to 8.3; p < 0.001). In addition, starting the profession at an early age had a positive correlation with compliance with isolation measures (ß= -0.49, CI= -0.8 to -0.17; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The conflict sub-dimension of moral sensitivity is an important factor in nurses' compliance with isolation measures, and conducting necessary training and other studies to improve nurses' moral sensitivity may increase their compliance with isolation measures.

Investigation of psychological factors related to compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among nurses.

BACKGROUND: While compassion fatigue is evaluated positively in nurses, compassion fatigue and burnout are undesirable from the viewpoint of professionals, service providers, institutions and ultimately society. It is necessary to identify the factors that lead to undesirable results and to reduce their effects. This study aimed to investigate nurses' levels of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, burnout, various psychopathological symptom levels, coping skills, and the relationship between them. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were 356 nurses working in tertiary university hospitals in Istanbul (Türkiye). The Healthcare Professional Information Form, ProQOL-IV, Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and regression models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: According to the findings, low-level burnout, moderate-high compassion satisfaction, and low-moderate compassion fatigue symptoms were detected. Low-level anxiety, depression, somatization, hostility, and negative self-esteem were found. According to the results of regression analysis, mental disengagement and planning coping strategies positively affect the synergy of compassion fatigue (p < 0.05). Turning religion and restraint coping have a positive effect on compassion fatigue (p < 0.05). While depression has a positive effect on burnout, nurses' positive reinterpretation and growth strategy is effective in coping with burnout (p < 0.05). Positive reinterpretation and growth coping strategies are also effective in increasing job satisfaction (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses showing somatization symptoms are risk factors for compassion fatigue, and nurses showing depression symptoms are risk factors for burnout, so they should be closely monitored and should be given support. Mental disengagement and planning coping strategies can reduce compassion fatigue, and positive reinterpretation and growth methods can reduce burnout and increase compassion satisfaction. It may be useful to provide counseling and training for nurses to use the right coping methods.

The relationships between novice nurses' emotions management skills and happiness levels: A cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: To determine the relationships between the novice nurses' emotional management skills and their happiness levels. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 398 novice nurses in Istanbul using a Nurse Fact Sheet, Emotions Management Skills Scale (EMSS), and the Oxford Happiness Scale Short Form. FINDINGS: It was determined that the "Verbal expression of emotions," "Control of negative body response," and "Coping" subdimensions of the EMSS accounted for 21% of the variance in the total variable of the happiness scale (p < 0.001). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Novice nurses should be supported with training to improve their emotional management skills throughout their working lives, starting from the hospitalization phase. Factors that negatively affect nurses' happiness levels should be controlled.

The relationship between cognitive flexibility and happiness among nurses.

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between nurses' cognitive flexibility and happiness and the factors affecting them. DESIGN AND METHODS: A Nurse Information Form prepared by the researchers, a Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form were administered to 722 nurses working at the Istanbul Medical Faculty Hospital. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Nurses' cognitive flexibilities had a positive and significant relationship with happiness (p < 0.05). The power of explaining happiness was R2 = 28.6% for cognitive flexibility. CONCLUSION: Regarded as a significant factor for people's happiness, the impact of cognitive flexibility on nurses' happiness was examined in this study. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: It is recommended to develop educational programs that improve the cognitive flexibility of nurses.

Determination of patients' family members' needs and related factors in the intensive care unit with visiting restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the needs of family members of patients and related factors in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational type study was conducted with a total of 301 family members. Data were collected by using two validated inquiry forms, the "Introductory Information Form" and the "Critical Care Family Needs Inventory" through an online survey. Descriptive statistical methods, as well as the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn-Bonferroni test, and Backward Linear Regression Analysis, were used for the analysis of data. RESULTS: The average scores of information, assurance, proximity, support, and comfort needs of family members were 3.54 ± 0.61 (Min = 1.11-Max = 4), 3.72 ± 0.60 (Min = 1-Max = 4), 3.50 ± 0.62 (Min = 1-Max = 4), 3.27 ± 0.77 (Min = 1.07-Max = 4), and 3.32 ± 0.73 (Min = 1-Max = 4), respectively. A very weak positive correlation was found between the ages of family members and information, assurance, and proximity needs (p < 0.05). Some variables such as sex, income level, and degree of affinity had significant effects on the needs of family members (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Family members of critically ill patients had needs at most in the assurance sub-dimension during the COVID-19 pandemic. As the length of time of family members spent in the hospital increased, their support and comfort sub-dimension needs also increased. Institutional policies should be developed to assure family members in intensive care units.

The role of psychological capital in the relationship between nurses' job satisfaction and turnover intention.

PURPOSE: To find out whether psychological capital has a mediating role in the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention on nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. 466 nurses participated in this study. Data were collected via paper-and-pencil format using Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Turnover Intention Scale. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed effects of poor psychological capital among nurses. The effect of psychological capital was statistically significant and it partially mediated job satisfaction and turnover intention. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Initiative sand training programs should be planned to improve nurses' attitudes towards psychological capital levels.

Relationships between perceived support types and the job satisfaction levels of nurses.

PURPOSE: To identify the relationships between nurses' perceived support and their job satisfaction levels. DESIGN AND METHODS: The sample of this descriptive and correlational study comprised 655 nurses working at a medical faculty hospital in Istanbul. FINDINGS: A statistically significant positive relationship was detected between the total score means of nurses' job satisfaction and perceived administrative support (r = 0.275; p = .001; p < .01), perceived coworker support (r = 250; p = .001; p < .01) and perceived organizational support levels (r = 0.262; p = .001; p < .01). The linear regression model was found to be statistically significant (F = 24.625; p = .001; p < .01). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Training and corporate regulations (e.g., performance system involving promotion, reward, wages) for increasing nurses' perceptions for organizational support should be planned. Activities that increase nurses' perception of social support could also increase their job satisfaction.

The Relationship Between Psychological Capital and the Occupational Psychologic Risks of Nurses: The Mediation Role of Compassion Satisfaction.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between psychological capital (hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) and burnout and compassion fatigue or secondary traumatic stress among general hospital nurses, and the mediating role of compassion satisfaction in this relationship. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey study. Participants were 697 nurses working in different nursing departments in tertiary university hospitals in a metropolitan city in Turkey. METHODS: The semistructured interview form, Professional Quality of Life Scale, and Psychological Capital Scale were used to gather data. Descriptive analysis, the Spearman correlation analyzer, hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, and mediation analyzer with PROCESS and the Sobel test were used to analyze data. FINDINGS: There were moderate relationships between psychological capital total score, all subscales, and burnout, and weak negative correlations between these variables and compassion fatigue. For burnout, self-efficacy and optimism in the first model explained 26% of the variance; when compassion satisfaction was added in the second model, 45% of the total variance was explained. For compassion fatigue, self-efficacy in the first model explained 5% of the variance; adding compassion satisfaction in the second model, the variance did not change at all. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the current study may contribute to enhancing the protection of nurses' well-being in their general hospital settings by developing knowledge about the resources that are needed to prevent or decrease occupational psychological risks. Increasing psychological capital levels of nurses enhances the quality of care and the sustainability of their working conditions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings of this study can be used to design interventions to better assist nurses in addressing their psychological health. Because psychological capital is a malleable resource, nursing managers can invest in the development and improvement of nurses' resources.

Determining Attitudes of Nurses Toward Evidence-Based Nursing in a University Hospital Sample.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the attitudes of nurses working in a university hospital toward evidence-based nursing. METHOD: This descriptive and cross-sectional research included 529 nurses working in a university hospital during November 1 to November 30, 2018. Data were collected using the information form and Attitude Toward Evidence-Based Nursing Questionnaire (AEBNQ). Descriptive statistical methods, the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The average age of the nurses was 36.55±9.29 years, 91.1% were female, and the average work experience was 12.61±9.56 years. Moreover, 53.4% of the nurses were working in surgical departments, and 50.3% were working as clinical nurses. The total mean score of AEBNQ of the nurses was 58.23±9.34, and it was determined that their attitudes toward evidence-based nursing was positive. It was confirmed that for some subscales, the mean scores of AEBNQ of the female nurses and nurses working in internal disease departments were significantly high. CONCLUSION: Attitudes of the nurses toward evidence-based nursing were found to be positive. It was concluded that the department in which the nurses worked and being female affected their attitudes toward evidence-based nursing.

Relationship Between the Problem-Solving Skills and Empathy Skills of Operating Room Nurses.

BACKGROUND: The use of empathy in problem solving and communication is a focus of nursing practice and is of great significance in raising the quality of patient care. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study are to investigate the relationship between problem solving and empathy among operating room nurses and to explore the factors that relate to these two competencies. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Study data were gathered using a personal information form, the Interpersonal Problem Solving Inventory, and the Basic Empathy Scale (N = 80). Descriptive and comparative statistics were employed to evaluate the study data. RESULTS: Age, marital status, and career length were not found to affect the subscale scores of cognitive empathy (p > .05). A negative correlation was found between the subscale scores for "diffidence" and "cognitive empathy." Moreover, the emotional empathy scores of the graduate nurses were higher than those of the master's/doctorate degree nurses to a degree that approached significance (p = .078). Furthermore, emotional empathy levels were found to decrease as the scores for insistent/persistent approach, lack of self-confidence, and educational level increased (p < .05). The descriptive characteristics of the participating nurses were found not to affect their problem-solving skills. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Problem solving is a focus of nursing practice and of great importance for raising the quality of patient care. Constructive problem-solving skills affect cognitive empathy skills. Educational level and career length were found to relate negatively and level of self-confidence was found to relate positively with level of cognitive empathy. Finally, lower empathy scores were associated with difficult working conditions in operating rooms, intense stress, and high levels of potential stress-driven conflicts between workers in work settings.

The effects of noise levels on nurses in intensive care units.

BACKGROUND: Intensive care units (ICUs) are noisy environments, which may have negative psychological effects on nurses. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of the noise level of ICUs on nurses' burnout, job satisfaction, anxiety, psychological symptoms and general psychopathology level. DESIGN: A descriptive and correlational study. METHODS: The study was conducted with 150 intensive care nurses. A Type 2250-L Brüel & Kjaer hand-held sound level meter was used for noise measurement. A Nurse Information Form, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Minnesora Satisfaction Questionnaire, Self-Report Inventory and Symptom Checklist-90 Revised were used for data collection. RESULTS: The highest levels of noise (71 dB(A) and above) were measured in the neonatal, neurology and cardiovascular surgery ICUs. It was observed that noise level affected extrinsic satisfaction (F = 3·704; p = 0·027) and trait anxiety (F = 3·868; p = 0·023) of nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Noise levels in ICUs are well above the recommended levels, and this affects nurses' job satisfaction and anxiety levels. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: More studies on the effects of noise levels on the physical and mental states of nurses working in ICUs are needed. Increased quality of patient care can be achieved by providing healthy working conditions for nurses working in special units such as ICUs.

Identification of learning needs of patients hospitalized at a University Hospital.

OBJECTIVES:  This study was designed as a descriptive trial aimed at identifying learning needs of patients hospitalized at a university hospital and understanding whether these learning needs vary depending on certain patient characteristics. METHODS:  The study sample consisted of 1190 patients/caregivers hospitalized at all departments except for the psychiatry clinic, who were planned to be discharged from the hospital. Data were collected using Patient Information Form and the Patient Learning Needs Scale (PLNS). RESULTS:  The evaluation of responses to the PLNS and its subscales revealed that the mean scores were 26.93±10.62 for drugs; 26.15±11.43 for activities of living; 19.78±5.54 for community and follow up; 16.86± 5.47 for feelings related to condition; 34.3±6.99 for treatment and complications; 28.20±7.40 for enhancing quality of life; and 13.64±6.54 for skin care. The PLNS total mean score was 165.95±45.44. Conclusion : According to the evaluation of the PLNS total score, patient learning needs vary depending on age, gender, occupation, level of education, the departments at which the respondent is treated, and whether the respondent is the patient him/herself or the caregiver.