ABSTRACT
Data which had previously yielded 15 factors at the first order were reanalyzed to produce six second-order, three third-order and one fourth-order factors. Broad behavioral patterns were discovered which indicate that escape, avoidance, emotionality, and motor reactivity are the primary manifestations of affectivity in a variety of test situations. In spite of difficulties in distinguishing between dimensions at different strata, this investigation constitutes an important contribution to the empirical basis for hierarchical organization of the affective domain.
ABSTRACT
Thirty C57BL/ALB mice, fifteen male and fifteen female, were tested for "acrophobia" via the pole test. The animals were randomly distributed into three groups of 6, 12, or 24 inch (15.24, 30.48, or 60.96 cm) high poles:. Both factor scores and individual pole measures were analyzed by 2 x 3 x 5 ANOVA, with main effects for sex, pole height, and days of testing. The results provide experimental support for the interpretation of this factor as acrophobia-that is, the greater the pole height, the higher the factor score. The reduction of factor scores over days (habituation) is interpreted as an arousal-based response.
ABSTRACT
A total of 775 pure-strain and F1 mice were obtained from a 6 X 6 diallel mating plan. Previous factor analysis of 42 measures of emotionality identified 14 behavioral factors, ten of which were interpretable. Hayman's analysis of variance and analysis of diallel crosses were applied to each of the factors. In general, the findings indicate that the mode of inheritance for emotionality factors is polygenic and in the direction of complete dominance. However, a major point of this investigation is that the mode of inheritance of highly complex behavior such as emotionality depends on the factor in question. For example, the breakdown of dominance effects by factor was as follows: partial dominance--Motor Discharge, Food Motivation, Tunneling-2, and Activity Level (males); complete dominance--Audiogenic Reactivity, Underwater Swimming (males), and Activity Level (females); overdominance--Acrophobia, Territorial Marking (males). Additional findings include directional dominance for Underwater Swimming and Audiogenic Reactivity, and significant sex differences for eight of the 14 factors.
Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal/physiology , Emotions/physiology , Mice, Inbred Strains/physiology , Animals , Crosses, Genetic , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Genes, Dominant , Genetics, Behavioral , Genotype , Hybridization, Genetic , Male , Mice , Motor Activity/physiology , Phenotype , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Six factors of mouse emotionality (autonomic balance, motor discharge, acrophobia, territoriality, tunneling-1, and tunneling-2) were compared across three separate studies. Each study included 19 measures from five tests of emotionality: open field, straightaway, pole, cell, and hole-in-wall. However, conditions of testing differed significantly in each study. In the first study, the measures taken were part of a large test battery. In the second study, a reduced test battery included only the 19 measures. In the third study, this reduced battery was used again, but subjects were injected with psychoactive drugs prior to testing. In addition to these changes, different genotypes were used across studies. Subjects in the first study were tested as part of a 6 × 6 diallel table. In the second and third studies, two emotionally contrasted strains (SWR and SJL) were tested. Each population was refactored by alpha factoring with varimax, followed by promax rotations. Factors obtained were compared by quantitative means using S-index and r[SUBc] coefficients of factor matching. Although support was obtained for the invariance of all six factors, the results indicate invariance as being strongest for motor discharge and acrophobia and weakest for tunneling-1 and tunneling-2 factors.
Subject(s)
Emotions , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology , Light , Pituitary-Adrenal System , Stress, Physiological , Adrenal Glands/anatomy & histology , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Exploratory Behavior , Female , Gonads/anatomy & histology , Gonads/physiology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Organ Size , Pituitary Gland/anatomy & histology , Sex Factors , Species Specificity , Spleen/anatomy & histology , Spleen/physiologySubject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Drinking , Emotions , Mice/physiology , Animals , Body Weight , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Exploratory Behavior , Female , Genetics, Behavioral , Male , Mice, Inbred Strains , Motor Activity , Osmolar Concentration , Reaction Time , Species Specificity , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Emotions , Mice, Inbred Strains , Animals , Avoidance Learning , Conditioning, Classical , Exploratory Behavior , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Fear , Feeding Behavior , Genetics, Behavioral , Locomotion , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Motivation , Motor Activity , TerritorialitySubject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Mice, Inbred Strains , Animals , Drinking , Female , Genes , Genetic Linkage , Genetics, Behavioral , Housing, Animal , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mutation , WaterSubject(s)
Drinking Behavior , Emotions , Ethanol , Water , Alcohol Drinking , Animals , Avoidance Learning , Female , Male , Mice , Motor ActivitySubject(s)
Avoidance Learning , Genetics , Alleles , Animals , Conditioning, Psychological , Crosses, Genetic , Escape Reaction , Female , Genes, Dominant , Hybridization, Genetic , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Fifty mice from four genotypes were tested on a factor analyzed battery of measures of emotionality. This was followed by testing of alcohol consumption. The factors were related to alcohol consumption by a stepwise regression procedure. Among the five best predictors, Factor B, interpreted as a disorganization factor and Factor C, interpreted as an audiogenic reactivity factor, were most consistently related to alcohol consumption.
