Antipsychotics preserve telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after acute oxidative stress injury.

Antipsychotics may prolong or retain telomere length, affect mitochondrial function, and then affect the metabolism of nerve cells. To validate the hypothesis that antipsychotics can prolong telomere length after oxidative stress injury, leukocytes from healthy volunteers were extracted using Ficoll-Histopaque density gradient. The mononuclear cells layer was resuspended in cell culture medium. Oxidative stress was induced with hydrogen peroxide in cultured leukocytes. Four days later, leukocytes were treated with aripiprazole, haloperidol or clozapine for 7 days. Real-time PCR revealed that treatments with aripiprazole and haloperidol increased the telomere length by 23% and 20% in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after acute oxidative stress injury. These results suggest that haloperidol and aripiprazole can reduce the damage to telomeres induced by oxidative stress. The experiment procedure was approved by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP/CAAE approval No. 52622616.8.0000.0065).

Basic Life Support: an accessible tool in layperson training.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate the efficiency of a new method of training laypeople on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). 2) To assess previous knowledge of the participants. METHODS: Instructors were trained according to the 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines, with emphasis on CPR. Dummies made with PET bottles were used, and a questionnaire was applied to the participants before and after training. Statistical analysis was performed in the R commander program. Participants with incomplete documents were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Out of 101 participants, 96 were included: 69 lay people, 17 health professionals, and ten health students. There was an improvement in the overall performance after training (mean pre: 62.7%, mean post: 75.8%, p <0.01), also present in the following main concepts: "mouth-to-mouth breathing is not necessary" (p <0.01), "risk of contamination" (p <0.01), "compression technique" (p <0.01). The concepts "recognition of severity" and "what is chest compression" did not improve, but had good pre-test means, 96.8% and 81.2%. There was no statistical difference in the knowledge between the groups (laypeople vs. health professionals and students, pre=0,06 e post=0,33). CONCLUSION: The tools used in training were efficient. However, further studies are necessary to assess the long-term impact of this intervention.

Basic Life Support: an accessible tool in layperson training

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES 1) To evaluate the efficiency of a new method of training laypeople on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). 2) To assess previous knowledge of the participants. METHODS Instructors were trained according to the 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines, with emphasis on CPR. Dummies made with PET bottles were used, and a questionnaire was applied to the participants before and after training. Statistical analysis was performed in the R commander program. Participants with incomplete documents were excluded from the study. RESULTS Out of 101 participants, 96 were included: 69 lay people, 17 health professionals, and ten health students. There was an improvement in the overall performance after training (mean pre: 62.7%, mean post: 75.8%, p <0.01), also present in the following main concepts: "mouth-to-mouth breathing is not necessary" (p <0.01), "risk of contamination" (p <0.01), "compression technique" (p <0.01). The concepts "recognition of severity" and "what is chest compression" did not improve, but had good pre-test means, 96.8% and 81.2%. There was no statistical difference in the knowledge between the groups (laypeople vs. health professionals and students, pre=0,06 e post=0,33). CONCLUSION The tools used in training were efficient. However, further studies are necessary to assess the long-term impact of this intervention.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS 1) Avaliar a eficiência da nova proposta de ensino de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) à população leiga. 2) Avaliar o conhecimento prévio dos participantes da oficina. MÉTODOS Instrutores foram treinados de acordo com as diretrizes de 2015 da American Heart Association com enfoque na RCP. Utilizaram-se manequins confeccionados com garrafas PET, além de aplicação de questionário aos participantes antes e depois do treinamento. A análise estatística foi realizada no programa R commander. Foram excluídos do estudo participantes com documentos incompletos. RESULTADOS Dos 101 participantes, 96 foram incluídos: 69 leigos, 17 profissionais da saúde e dez estudantes da área da saúde. Houve melhora do desempenho geral após o treinamento (média pré: 62,7%; média pós: 75,8%; p<0,01), presente também nos seguintes conceitos principais: "respiração boca a boca não é necessária" (p<0,01), "risco de contaminação" (p<0,01), "técnica de compressão" (p<0,01). Os conceitos "reconhecimento de gravidade" e "o que é massagem cardíaca" não apresentaram melhora, mas tiveram boas médias pré-teste: 96,8% e 81,2%. Não se verificou diferença estatística no conhecimento entre grupos (leigos vs profissionais e estudantes da saúde, ppre=0,06 e ppos=0,33). CONCLUSÃO As ferramentas utilizadas no treinamento se mostraram eficientes. No entanto, novos estudos são necessários para avaliar o impacto no longo prazo.