[Experience of application of nonsuture electrowelding technologies in thoracic surgery].

Experience of application of nonsuture electrowelding technologies (NEWT) was analyzed while performing open and miniinvasive thoracoscopic operations in 116 patients. No essential differences were revealed while comparing domestic and foreign electrowelding surgical instruments. Possibility of wide application of NEWT in miniinvasive videothoracoscopic surgery was demonstrated.

[Application of electrowelding technologies in videothoracoscopic pulmonary surgery].

Experience of videothoracoscopic pulmonary resection, using nonsuture electrowelding technology in 42 patients, was summarized. Using such technology application have guaranteed the lowering of prime cost of endoscopic intervention, in several patients it made possible to avoid a mechanical suturing application. After the operation all the patients are alive, the morbidity rate was 7.1%, a stationary treatment of a patient have constituted 5.7 days at average.

[Treatment of post-traumatical coagulated hemothorax. Videothoracoscopy or open surgery].

Comparative estimation of videothoracic and open surgery efficacy in the treatment of post-traumatic coagulated hemothorax have been shown in 612 patients. According to the achieved results, effectiveness of videothoracoscopy (92.4%) is better than open surgeries. Apart from that, reduction in the hospitalization days (9.6 days compared to 11.5 days in open surgeries), frequency of complications (4.5% and 13.8%), traumatic intervention and rehabilitation time. All the patients alive. Best results are achieved using videothoracoscopical operations at the earliest in posttraumatic coagulated hemothorax.

[Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries for thoracic diseases and trauma].

The experience of videothoracoscopic operations, performed for various diseases of the thoracic organs, was summarized. The reduction of the operation traumaticity, the complications rate, lethality, the patients rehabilitation duration permits to consider videothoracoscopic operations as the method of choice in many thoracic diseases and trauma.

[Application of early videothoracoscopic pulmonary decortication in the treatment of an acute pleural empyema and suppurated clotted hemothorax].

There was presented the experience of performance of videothoracoscopic pulmonary decortications in 22 patients, suffering suppurated clotted hemothorax, and in 188--an acute pleural empyema. In 97.3% patients the cessation of purulent process and pulmonary volume restoration were achieved. Residual cavities with the pulmonary nonairtightness signs were revealed in 3 (1.4%) patients, the empyema recurrence--in 1 (0.5%), suppuration of the wound, made by thoracic port--in 1 (0.5%), all the patients are alive.

[Endoscopic operations on the trachea and bronchi].

The experience of performance of 1425 endoscopic recanalization operations, done in 864 patients for the tumor and cicatricial stenosis of trachea and bronchi, was summarized. The methods were depicted of endoscopic destruction as a definite treatment or as a successful stage of the combined treatment. The possibility there was shown of the lasers and electrocoagulation application for the respiratory ways stenosis recanalization. The passability of respiratory ways restoration was achieved in 85.2% of patients. Lethality after endoscopic operations had constituted 1.6%.

[Possibilities of videothoracoscopic pulmonary resection in thoracic surgery].

The experience of videothoracoscopic pulmonary resection performance in various diseases in 183 patients was summarized. The methods of endoscopic and videoassisted pulmonary resection, including those conducted for peripheral cancer, using home-made and foreign suture apparatuses, were depicted. The indications were adduced for performance of diagnostic and curative videothoracoscopic operations, possibilities of their application, advantages in comparison with open operative procedures were adduced.

[Surgical treatment of esophageal rupture of different localization].

The results of treatment of 37 patients, suffering esophageal rupture (ER), which had occurred due to foreign body perforation, thoracic and neck trauma consequences, iatrogenic damage, chemical burn perforation, and 12 patients with Boehrhaave syndrome, are presented. The complex of roentgenological methods was applied for the ER investigation. Surgical methods and operative accesses, depending on the esophageal damage level, are depicted. The esophageal lower third rupture constitutes the most prognostically unfavorable one.

[Experience of surgical treatment of the heart and pericardium wounds].

Results of treatment of 120 injured persons with the heart and pericardium wounding were analysed. Issues of diagnosis and treatment of the heart and pericardium wounding were reviewed. Efficacy of treatment of the heart and pericardium wounding depends on the time gap between the trauma moment and the specialized surgical aid delivery. Diagnostic measures for the possible heart and pericardium wounding ought to be minimal. The established heart and pericardium wounding diagnosis, and sometimes the possibility of such wounding, constitute indication for performance of urgent operative intervention. All the heart woundings must be sutured and pericardial cavity drained.

[Application of contact laser scalpel in thoracic surgery]. / Primenenie kontaktnogo lazarnogo skal'pelia v grudnoí khirurgii.

The authors have carried out 296 transthoracic and endoscopic YAG-laser operations in various diseases of bronchopulmonary system. Sapphire and quartz applicator-tips were used as a contact scalpel. The procedures of laser operations with the use of the contact mode are described in detail and comparative evaluation of both types of thermal applicator-tips is given. The combination of cutting and coagulation properties of the contact laser scalpel enables its use in various operations on the lung and pleura including thoracoplastic interventions as well as accomplishment of an endoscopic photoresection of endobronchial tumors.

[The use of surgical and therapeutic bronchoscopy in thoracic surgery]. / Primenenie operativnoi i lechebnoi bronkhoskopii v grudnoi khirurgii.

The results of treatment of 260 patients who were subjected to 485 endoscopic operations with laser and electrosurgical methods are described. Excellent and good results were obtained in 199 patients (76.6%). The results of treatment of 43 patients by means of temporary endobronchial occlusion showing its efficacy in pulmonary bleedings as well as in complex treatment of pneumo- and pyopneumothorax are presented. The therapeutic effect of the low intensity endobronchial laser therapy on complex prophylaxis and treatment of obstructive bronchitis after surgical intervention on the lungs and pleura as well as in complicated traumatic injuries of the chest is noted.

[First experience in the use of endoprosthesis in the treatment of respiratory tract stenosis of tumorous genesis]. / Pervyi opyt ispol'zovaniia éndoproteza v lechenii stenoza dykhatel'nykh putei opukholevogo geneza.

The experience of the main bronchi endoprosthesis in treatment of 15 patients with the respiratory tract stenosis of tumoral genesis was analyzed. The endoprosthesis of original construction was proposed. An operation was done with the help of rigid bronchoscope after preliminary laser recanalization of the stenosed segment. The immediate and late follow-up results permit to recommend the method for palliative treatment of pulmonary cancer.

[The use of laser radiation in the treatment of complicated chest trauma]. / Primenenie lazernogo izlucheniia v lechenii oslozhnennoi travmy grudi.

The results of treatment of 84 sufferers with a complicated thoracic trauma, using irradiation of the YAG-neodymium, argon, helium-neon and arsenide-gallium lasers, are presented. The techniques for the use of lasers for photocoagulation of defects of the lung and thoracic wall through a thoracoscope, endobronchial laser therapy and laser puncture is described. The expediency to use laser irradiation in the complex of treatment of a complicated thoracic trauma is shown.