[Experience of use of prolit septo in the complex treatment of patients with urolithiasis].

The efficacy of phytogenic drug prolit septo in the complex treatment of patients with urolithiasis complicated by infectious-inflammatory process was evaluated. The effects of prolit septo were assessed by a comparative evaluation of the results of microbiological analysis of urine in 14 patients of main group and 12 patients of control group. Patients in both groups were matched by sex, age, and results of raiological, clinical, biochemical and microbiological methods of examination. For the treatment of 11 patients of the main group, prolit septo was applied in combination with standard anti-bacterial treatment, 3 patients received monotherapy with prolit septo within 3-6 weeks. The drug was administered at a dose of 1200 mg (2 capsules) 3 times a day. Twelve patients of the control group received only standard treatment. The duration of treatment in both groups was 1-2 weeks. It was found that combined therapy with prolit septo is more effective than standard antibacterial treatment. Against the background of combined therapy the disappearance of bacteriuria was noted in 54.5% of patients of main group compared with 8.3% of patients of control group.

[Choice of a drainage method in plastic reconstructive operations for congenital hydronephrosis in boys].

We analysed surgical outcomes in 41 boys aged 2.5 months to 17 years with congenital hydrohephrosis who were treated with external drainage (nephrostoma, intubation drainage, Gibbon's drainage) and by means of stenting. We discovered that stent drainage produces urethral traumas, orchitis, orchoepididymitis. Our study made us to recommend external drainage methods for boys with congenital hydronephrosis undergoing reconstructive plastic surgery to prevent injuries and inflammation in the urogenital system.

[Choice of a method of temporary drainage of the upper urinary tract in plastic reconstruction surgery on the vesicoureteral segment in children].

Among prevalent causes of abnormal urine outflow from the kidneys and urinary tract in children are neuromuscular ureteral dysplasia (NMUD) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Many complications and unsatisfactory results of the treatment of the above conditions depend on the drain method. NMUD and VUR were surgically treated in 85 children (age from 6 months to 17 years, 39 boys and 46 girls). Treatment results were analysed with reference to the drainage method--catheter stent or intubation by findings of excretory urography, cystography, ultrasonography and morphological examination with evaluation of a morphological picture of ureteral muscular wall, stage of the disease and extention of the upper urinary tract. Criteria of drainage method choice were determined depending on age of the children, morphological data, NMUD stage and degree of VUR. In NMUD stage II and III and VUR degree 4 characterized by manifest changes of upper urinary tract contractility intubating drainage is more effective. In insignificant changes of ureteral contractility (NMUD stage I and VUR degree 1-3) internal stent is a method of choice. Thus, treatment outcomes in NMUD and VUR depend not only on surgical method but also on the method of drainage.

[Endoscopic treatment of bilateral vesicoureteral reflux in children].

Endoscopic treatment of bilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was made in 8 boys and 28 girls (a total of 58 collagenizations in various modifications). Secretory function of the kidney was studied before surgery and obstruction of the vesicoureteral segment was excluded. Cystoscopic picture was analysed. The analysis of correlations between efficacy of antireflux collagenisation of the ureteral ostium and ureteral ostium position and shape, renal function leads to the conclusion that submucosal endoscopic collagen implantation in the abnormal ostium in its lateroposition is not effective. This was confirmed by pathomorphological investigations of VUR which discovered dramatic impairment by smooth muscle atrophy type with fiber dyscomplectation, perimuscular sclerosis. Thus, endoscopic treatment of bilateral VUR in children is safe, but its efficacy depends on valid choice of indications. In congenital VUR caused by dysplasia of vesicoureteral segment a preferable treatment is ureterocystoanastomosis.

[Experimental evaluation of the protective properties of some nonwoven materials for respiratory protection means and prospects of their use].

The protective properties of nonwoven materials (Spandbond, SMS) used to manufacture 3-5-layer medical masks, by using model physical and bacterial test aerosols, were experimentally assessed. It was shown that the more layers of the materials, the less permeable they became for test aerosols. Three-five-layer masks made from SMS at a density of 42 g/m2 were found to have higher protective properties for oil mist and fine aerosol than those made from Spandbond at a density of 25 g/m2. Five-layer SMS materials at a density of 42 g/m2 have the highest values of bacterial aerosol retention.

[Extravesicle ureterocystoanastomosis]. / Ekstravezikal'nyi ureterotsistoanastomoz.

Extravesical ureterocystoanastomosis without wide opening of the urinary bladder was practised since 1986. A total of 79 patients were operated: 71 children at the age from 1 to 14 years and 8 adults aged 14 to 58 years. Surgical intervention was performed on 112 ureters for vesicoureteral reflux and supravesical ureteral obstruction. 6 of 79(7.6%) patients on postoperative day 11-15 after removal of intubating drains had an attack of acute pyelonephritis. 3 of these 6 patients were reoperated with a good effect, in 2 patients urine passage recovered 2-3 months after removal of transcutaneous puncture nephrostoma. In one child this technique was used for the first time at the third operation on vesicoureteral anastomosis. This prevented subsequent removal of the nephrostomic drain because of vesicoureteral reflux in the presence of severe irreversible retention changes of both ureters. The advantages of the above technique are reduced operative injury, no contraindications in primary operations and reoperations, feasibility in various forms of vesicoureteral anastomosis failure. This makes the technique of extravesical ureterocystoanastomosis rather promising.