[The immune status in different clinical forms of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Immunnyi status pri razlichnykh klinicheskikh formakh insulinzavisimogo sakharnogo diabeta.

Immune status with reference to the disease duration and genetic factors (HLA-typing) was studied in various clinical variants of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The disease duration appeared the key factor in development of immune deficiency in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Critical immunological values were established (CD5+ cells--1200 in 1 microliter, CD4+ cells--35%, expression of CD5 and antigens HLA class II--110 and 75%, respectively) for septic complications which are highly probable in lower indices. Females with diffuse thyroid enlargement, subclinical hypothyroidism, wide spectrum of antibodies to DNA, antigenic determinants of thyroid gland, hypophysis were found to be a group associated with HLA--DR3 carriage.

[Immunologic characterization of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with varying duration of disease]. / Immunologicheskie kharakteristiki bol'nykh insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom s razlichnoi dlitel'nost'iu zavolevaniia.

The paper presents data on the cellular and humoral immunity in different periods of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (with the disease standing of 0.5 +/- 0.4 years, group A; 3 +/- 1.8 years, group B; and 15 +/- 4 years, group C). Group A patients presented with the immunity system activation: increased counts of T cells, B lymphocytes, T helpers and T inductors, increased share of active T cells (that is, DR positive ones), elevated content of IgM, IgG, IgA (214 +/- 51 mg%, 1200 +/- 124 mg%, 250 +/- 34 mg%, respectively) as against the reference group (156 +/- 74, 914 +/- 387, 189 +/- 49 mg%, respectively) (p < 0.01). In group B patients, who suffered a longer disease, the immunity parameters were within the normal range, and in group C patients, in whom the disease standing was the longest, these shifts were contrary-wise as against those in group A, that is, T and B cell counts were lowered, as were the counts of T-helpers-inductors, Ig levels, and the phagocytosis index was 65 +/- 5 vs. 85 +/- 10% in the controls (p < 0.05), the phagocytosis level being 4 +/- 2 vs. 10 +/- 2 in the controls (p < 0.05). The authors analyze the association of the HLA system characteristics with the immunity shifts. Patients with the HLA A9, B8, B15, B18, DR3, DR4 presented with significant shifts in the immunity status as against those with the HLA A1, A10, B5, B12, B16, B27, DR5, DR7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[The HLA-B5 immunogenetic marker in Behçet's disease]. / HLA-B5-immunogeneticheskii marker bolezni Bekcheta.

Twenty-three patients with Behçet's disease (BD) meeting the criteria of the international group for classification and diagnosis of BD (17 men and 6 women) were typed for HLA antigens class 1. The patients group was multinational, of them 19 were Caucasoids and 4 Mongoloids. It was shown that HLA B5 in Caucasoids occurred more frequently vs normal controls (73.7% and 15.5%, respectively). Under the correction of the antigens number up to 21, the differences continued to be statistically high. Characteristic for B5 antigen was a high relative risk and close association with the disease. In antigen group B5 + B35 the relative risk and association power grew still higher. The B5 positive group statistically more frequently had superficial thrombophlebitis and less frequently gastrointestinal involvement. It is concluded that class 1 HLA antigens, B5 in particular, are closely associated with BD in CIS countries.

[Immunogenetic studies in patients with pneumoconiosis]. / Immunogeneticheskie issledovaniia pri pnevmokonioze.

A total of 58 patients with pneumoconiosis and 50 miners without pulmonary pathology were examined. HLA markers of the predisposition and resistance to the disease were revealed. Determination of the HLA antigens DR I and B 13 is most essential for revealing the predisposition to pneumoconiosis that of DR 5, A 9 and B 5 for revealing the disease resistance.

[HLA antigens in diffuse toxic goiter]. / Antigeny HLA pri diffuznom toksicheskom zobe.

The paper is concerned with some data of investigation of the association of the HLA-system with the development of diffuse toxic goiter (DTG). An attempt was made to predict clinical variants of a course of DTG using HLA-antigens. Comparative analysis of the distribution of HLA-antigens was performed in 50 patients with various degrees of DTG severity, different therapeutic methods (operative and conservative) and outcomes of disease (postoperative hypothyrosis, DTG recurrence and euthyroid condition). The data obtained confirmed a high informative value of HLA-markers not only for predicting clinical variants of a DTG course, therapeutic methods but also for outcomes of therapy.

[The clinical and immunogenetic characteristics of reactive arthritis in children]. / Nekotorye klinicheskie i immunogeneticheskie osobennosti reaktivnykh artritov u detei.

Altogether 52 children suffering from reactive arthritis were placed under observation. In 45 patients arthritis developed after nasopharyngeal infection and was marked by a favourable course with a rapid positive dynamics. 7 children with a history of intestinal infection manifested Reiter's syndrome; in these children arthritis was characterized by a grave and prolonged course and by a high laboratory activity. HLA A10 (RR = 2.7), B27 (RR = 2.5) and DR2 (RR = 2.19) antigen were detected significantly more frequently in ReA patients who suffered nasopharyngeal infection. In children with Reiter's syndrome, the genetic markers of predisposition to the disease were HLA A10 (RR = 5.93) and B27 (RR = 149.1) antigens.

[The clinical significance of determining the HLA-DR4 antigen in patients with breast cancer]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie opredeleniia antigena HLA-DR4 u bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy.

A study of HLA phenotype in 151 cases of breast cancer showed an increased occurrence of DR4 antigen (46.8%) as compared to general population (16.3%). Some clinical parameters of DR4-positive and DR4-negative patients were compared. Estradiol receptor-negative tumor was observed in 40% of DR4-positive patients and only in 18.5% of estradiol receptor-negative ones. DR4 positivity was associated with poorer prognosis.

[The relationship of endocrine ophthalmopathy to the thyroid status and to the indices of an autoimmune lesion of the thyroid]. / Sviaz' éndokrinnoi oftal'mopatii s tireoidnym statusom i pokazateliami autoimmunnogo porazheniia shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

The paper is devoted to a study of the pathogenetic relationship of endocrine ophthalmopathy with thyroid diseases. Altogether 76 patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy combined with various thyroid lesions (diffuse toxic goiter, Hashimoto's disease, primary hypothyrosis) and without thyroid diseases were investigated. The serum level of thyroid hormones, the content of Ig A, M, G, thyroglobulin and the presence of antithyroid antibodies were analyzed. HLA typing by A, B, C, D2 loci was done for a group of patients. The results did not show correlation of the origin and gravity of ophthalmopathy either with thyroid function or with the factors determining thyroid affection. Some differences in the genetic markers of endocrine ophthalmopathy and autoimmune thyroid diseases were also established.

[HLA-associated susceptibility to ischemic heart disease]. / Assotsiirovannaia s HLA predraspolozhennost' k ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

Tissue typing was used to study characteristic features of class I and II HLA-antigens distribution in two populations of young IHD patients: Russians (n-32) and Georgians (n-72). Healthy donors (267 Russians and 579 Georgians) served as controls. Genetic markers of IHD predisposition are revealed: for Russians relative risk for B12, DR1 equaled 2.95 and 3.65, respectively, and for Georgians 6.60, 3.02 and 2.33 for B21, Bw22 and DR2, respectively. The differences in markers of IHD predisposition in two populations belonging to the same race suggest than IHD predisposition gene in each population may be bound to various HLA antigen(s). This necessitates study of the markers not only in each race, but in each population as well.

[HLA-associated predisposition to dilated cardiomyopathy]. / Assotsirovannaia s HLA predraspolozhennost' k dilatatsionnoi kardiomiopatii.

HLA-antigens grade I and II were studied by tissue typing in 60 Russians and 40 Georgians suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), and 40 Georgians with virus myocarditis. 267 test-donors Russians and 579 Georgians served as control. Markers of DCMP predisposition were found different for Russians and Georgians: DR4 (relative risk 2.96) and A11 (RR = 3.07), R12 (RR = 5.5), respectively. Georgians have a marker of resistance to DCMP--B35 (RR = 0.15). Antigen B12 marks a severe DCMP course in Georgians. Markers of virus myocarditis predisposition were distinct from those of DCMP: A1 (RR = 3.78) and B27 (RR = 3.62). This shows different etiology of the two diseases. The conclusion is made on nonidentical genetic markers of predisposition and resistance to the same disease in various populations.

[The HLA system antigens in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. / Antigeny sistemy HLA u bol'nykh s serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami.

Tissue typing applied to the Russian population was used to study distribution of HLA antigens, classes I and II, in patients with essential hypertension (EH), coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) and virus myocarditis (VM). As control use was made of the data on HLA antigen distribution in 267 healthy persons (donors) of the Russian nationality. The genetic markers of the predisposition to the indicated diseases were revealed: in EH, DR 1 (RR-3.56), DR 4 (RR-2.17); in CHD, B 12 (RR-2.91), DR 1 (RR-3.41), DR 4 (RR-3.14); in HCMP, DR 1 (RR-2.25), DR 4 (RR-3.29); in DCMP, DR 4 (RR-3.90); in VM, DR 3 (RR-5.26), DR 4 (RR-3.51). DR 4 turned out to be the common marker of the predisposition to cardiac diseases. Besides, DR 1 was discovered to be the marker of the predisposition to EH and DR 3 to VM. The data obtained may be of importance for the clinical practice in forming risk groups.

[The HLA system antigens in rheumatism]. / Antigeny sistemy HLA pri revmatizme.

The authors studied the distribution of class I and II HLA antigens in 51 Georgian patients with rheumatic heart disease. Statistically significant differences were found between the study group and controls, regarding HLA-AI, Aw19 and Bw22 distribution. The relative risk ratio was, respectively, 2.94, 3.82 and 4.40.

[A new immunogenetic marker of rheumatism]. / Novyi immunogeneticheskii marker revmatizma.

Use of monoclonal D8/17 antiserum was studied for identification of B-cell antigen in 44 rheumatic fever patients. The control group comprised healthy subjects (30) and patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (30), ischemic heart disease (IO); chronic tonsillitis (12) and different neoplasma of the brain (10). The preliminary genetic analysis of these patients has shown that monoclonal antiserum D8/17 can identify B-cell marker in 88-100 per cent of rheumatic fever cases.

[HLA antigens in hypertension patients with myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle]. / Antigeny HLA u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu s gipertrofiei miokarda levogo zheludochka.

As many as 34 patients with essential hypertension (EH) and 66 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) were examined. Concentric hypertrophy of the myocardium was identified in 14 patients with EH and 35 patients with HCMP. Asymmetric hypertrophy of the myocardium was diagnosed in 20 EH patients and 31 HCMP patients. Distribution of class I and II HLA antigens was examined in all the patients. The high rate of DR1 antigen demonstration was established in patients with associated EH and asymmetric hypertrophy of the myocardium. The patients with associated HCMP and hypertrophy of the myocardium showed the high rate of B40 and DR4 antigen demonstration, those with associated HCMP and asymmetric hypertrophy of the myocardium the high rate of DR1 and DR4 antigen demonstration. The data obtained may be of importance for the formation of the groups at risk for the development of the diseases in question and for their differential diagnosis in doubtful cases.

[Association of antigens of the HLA system and Hashimoto's thyroiditis]. / Assotsiatsiia antigenov sistemy HLA i tireoidita Khashimoto.

A total of 18 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis aged 20 to 57 were examined (16 females and 2 males). The control group included 267 healthy donors. Antigens of A, B, C and D loci of the HLA system were determined in all the patients. HLA Dr3 was determined in 14 (77.8%) of 18 patients (p less than 0.01). The relative disease risk in carriers of this antigen was 12.6. At the same time a 6-fold decrease in the frequency of HLA Dr2 was found in the patients. The authors discussed the problem of the predisposing role of HLA Dr3 in the development of autoimmune diseases and of the "protective" properties of HLA Dr2.

[Value of immunological studies in various forms of cardiomyopathy]. / Znachenie immunologicheskikh issledovanii pri izuchenii razlichnykh form kardiomiopatii.

Immunologic status of 97 patients with dilating cardiomyopathy (DCMP) and 52 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) was studied; total amount of T-lymphocytes as well as the amount of T-active lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes in the test of E- and EAC-rosette formation, subpopulations of T-lymphocytes (T mu, T g in the EA-rosette formation reaction were determined. HLA-typing in the microlymphocytes toxic test was performed. It was determined that the amount of B- and T-lymphocytes as well as the amount of T mu- and Tg-lymphocytes in patients with HCMP does not practically differ from that in normal subjects. Antigens 27, DR1 and DR4 were proved to be HLA-markers of HCMP. Reliable decrease in the amount of T mu and Tg cells as well as NK cells in patients with DCMP compared to that in normal subjects and patients with HCMP was observed. The study of HLA-antigens distribution in patients with DCMP revealed greater prevalence of DR1 and DR4 antigens.

[Genetic aspects of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (familial studies and relation of HLA to obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)]. / Geneticheskie aspekty gipertroficheskoi kardiomiopatii (semeinye issledovaniia i sviaz' HLA s obstruktivnoi gipertroficheskoi kardiomiopatiei).

The purpose of the paper was to study the families of 31 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) to establish the hereditary nature of disease as well as to study the peculiarities of distribution of HLA-A, B and DR antigens in 44 patients (Russians) with obstructive HCMP using a method of histocompatibility typing. Echocardiographic investigation of 105 relatives of 31 patients with various types of HCMP revealed 32 patients with the same pathology among 84 persons in 20 families suggesting the familial pattern of disease. Antigen markers of predisposition to obstructive HCMP were established: HLA-B27, DR1 and DR4. DR4 antigen has primary relationship with the disease. Some differences in the distribution of HLA-antigens in men and women with obstructive HCMP were revealed. There was no correlation of HLA-markers with the severity of disease and patient's age at which the disease developed.