The CHILD Intervention for Living Drug-free Comprehensive Assessment of Risk, Resilience, and Experience (CHILD CARRE) Measure: Initial Findings.

This paper summarizes the development and evaluation of an assessment instrument for children ages 7-12. The CHILD CARRE measure is a semi-structured interview with 7 domains. Children from the USA and Argentina (N=134) completed baseline and follow-up assessments. Substance use occurred at an average age of 8. Almost 33% of the children were taking medications for medical issues, more than 50% of them said that medical problem gets in the way of doing things they like to to do and almost 64% of the children stated that they would like to feel better. On average, children completed third grade in school, 56% of them knew how to read and 26% of the children started making money at age 8. Most children (74%) saw someone drunk or high and 23% of children reported alcohol or psychoactive substance use. Among these children using substances, such substance use occurred at an average age of 8, and in the past 30 days they used these substances an average for 5 days. The rating of level of risk on the part of the interviewer placed these children in the "risky" to "very risky" categories. Most children reported seeing their family members smoking (83%) or using alcohol (67%), and 49% reported seeing their family members high on drugs. Few children (10%) had conflicts with the law, while 46% of their family members had legal problems. Some children (30%) reported having serious problems getting along with family members, neighbors, or friends. These results suggest that this measure can serve as the first comprehensive measure to assess multiple life domains for young children at risk for or using psychoactive substances.

Obstáculos y facilitadores en la externación de usuarios con consumos problemáticos / Obstacles and facilitators in the externalization of users with problematic consumption

Los contumos problemáticos ponen en primer plano el padecimiento subjetivo de las personas y la implicancia de la comunidad en la posibilidad de alojar un emergente sintomático que ha atravesado todas las clases sociales y los grupos etarios. Los objetivos de la presente investigación se centran en analizar los recursos con los que cuentan las comunidades terapéuticas de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) y Gran Buenos Aires (GBA) y además identificar y describir los obstáculos y facilitadores que reconocen los equipos tratantes y los usuarios de Comunidades Terapéuticas (CT) para hacer efectiva la externación de los usuarios. Se utilizó un diseño exploratorio descriptivo, observacional (no experimental), con triangulación de múltiples estrategias, instrumentos y fuentes para la generación y análisis de datos con metodologías cuantitativas y cualitativas. Para la recolección de datos se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a directores de las instituciones que componen la muestra y Grupos Focales con los equipos tratantes y con usuarios. En cuanto a los resultados, se enconttraron coincidencias entre los usuarios y los miembros de los equipos tratantes en algunos de los obstáculos y facilitadores mencionados como principales. Entre los obstáculos, las coincidencias se dieron en las dificultades en el afrontamiento a las exigencias del medio por parte de los usuarios y el contexto socio comunitario desfavorable con entorno consumidor. También se mencionaron; el consumo intrafamiliar, la estigmatización social y las dificultades en la inserción laboral, así como los recursos económicos insuficientes. Entre los facilitadores, ambos actores mencionaron como las principales; el reconocimiento de fortalezas y debilidades propias por parte de los usuarios; y el contexto socio comunitario favorable en el que encontrar redes saludables de apoyo. También se mencionaron; la comprensión de la problemática de las adicciones por parte de la familia, el trabajo desde el dispositivo de la CT con la familia y allegados, así como el acompañamiento y seguimiento del equipo tratante en la inserción social

Protection by iodide of lens from selenite-induced cataract.

BACKGROUND: Iodide has been used empirically against different age-related eye diseases, including cataract. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of iodide on selenite-induced cataract in rat lens. METHODS: Young white rats received subcutaneously sodium selenite (20 and 30 nmol/g b.w.) on day 13 post partum (p.p.). Cataract development was measured by expert estimation and image data analysis. Potassium iodide (1.5 nmol/g b.w.) was given (1-5 times) i.p. at different times with respect to the selenite administration. Lens opacification was analyzed in selenite, selenite-iodide, iodide and control groups on day 7 after selenite administration. RESULTS: Iodide showed a significant protective effect against selenite cataract when injected 2 days (2 times) before selenite injection, i.e., on days 11 and 12 p.p. No significant effects on lens opacity were found: (1) after only one iodide injection (on day 12 p.p.), (2) after an initial iodide administration 1 h before selenite and (3) after injections of iodide once a day for 5 consecutive days. The protective effect of iodide was the same (about 50%) for both selenite doses used. CONCLUSIONS: There is a time-dependent protective influence of iodide against selenite cataract development. It is supposed that the anticataract effect of iodide could be based on direct or indirect antioxidant mechanisms.