Improving clinical symptoms, functioning, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia with an integrated psychological therapy (IPT) plus emotional management training (EMT): A controlled clinical trial.

Objective: This paper describes the results of testing a multi-component psychological therapy that includes integrated psychological therapy (IPT), together with an adaptation of emotional management therapy (EMT), versus treatment as usual (TAU), delivered in a community mental health setting for individual with chronic schizophrenia. We investigated the effectiveness of a psychological intervention on clinical symptoms, cognitive and social functioning, as well as the feasibility of treatment and its acceptance. Method: 77 outpatients were recruited, 42 in the experimental group, who were treated with IPT + EMT, and 35 participants in control condition (TAU), both during 8 months. The subjects of both groups were assessed pre and postreatment. Results: Treatment attendance was 98% in experimental group and none of patients required hospital admission during therapy, meanwhile 11 patients from the TAU group withdrew and 3 were hospitalized during therapy. After therapy, patients in the experimental group compared to TAU, reduced clinical symptoms and improved cognitive functioning and quality of life. Conclusion: Psychological therapy seems to be a feasible intervention even in the chronic stages of the disease.

Preventing cognitive decline in chronic schizophrenia: Long-term effectiveness of integrated psychological therapy and emotional management training / Prevención del deterioro cognitivo en la esquizofrenia crónica: eficacia a largo plazo de la terapia psicológica integrada y el entrenamiento en manejo de emociones

Background:effective group psychological therapies in the chronic phases of schizophrenia are rare. This paper describes the results of testing a group therapy that includes integrated psychological therapy (IPT) together with an adaptation of emotional management therapy (EMT), delivered in a sample of outpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Method: 42 patients received the psychological intervention during eight months and they were assessed at baseline, posttreatment and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up. Results: The program was well accepted, and there was only one dropped out during the therapy and 2 hospital admissions during the 20 months of contact with patients along the study. Improvements were observed in cognition, social functioning, and quality of life after the treatment, and these results were maintained to the long-term follow-up. To summarize, patients were better 12 months after the treatment than in baseline. Conclusion: the integrative psychological program applied was effective and it was well accepted and could be used in public mental health services as a protective factor, reducing hospitalizations, preventing cognitive decline, helping patients to manage their daily worries and making them feel more supported

Antecedentes: los programas de tratamiento psicológico grupal eficaces para las fases crónicas de la esquizofrenia son escasos. Este artículo describe los resultados obtenidos tras la aplicación de un programa grupal, que incluye la terapia psicológica integrada (IPT) junto con una adaptación de la terapia de manejo emocional (EMT), en una muestra de pacientes ambulatorios con esquizofrenia crónica. Método: 42 pacientes recibieron el programa durante ocho meses y se evaluaron al inicio, en el post-tratamiento y en los seguimientos de 1, 3, 6 y 12 meses. Resultados: el programa fue bien aceptado ya que únicamente hubo un abandono durante los 8 meses de tratamiento y 2 ingresos hospitalarios durante los 20 meses de duración del estudio. Se obtuvieron mejorías en la cognición, el funcionamiento social y la calidad de vida tras recibir el tratamiento, y éstas se mantuvieron en el seguimiento a largo plazo. En resumen, los pacientes estaban mejor 12 meses después de recibir el tratamiento que en la evaluación inicial. Conclusión: el tratamiento resulta efectivo, ha sido bien aceptado y podría ser útil en los servicios de salud para reducir las hospitalizaciones, prevenir el deterioro cognitivo y ayudar a los pacientes a manejar sus preocupaciones diarias

Preventing cognitive decline in chronic schizophrenia: Long-term effectiveness of integrated psychological therapy and emotional management training.

BACKGROUND: Effective group psychological therapies in the chronic phases of schizophrenia are rare. This paper describes the results of testing a group therapy that includes integrated psychological therapy (IPT) together with an adaptation of emotional management therapy (EMT), delivered in a sample of outpatients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: 42 patients received the psychological intervention during eight months and they were assessed at baseline, posttreatment and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up. RESULTS: The program was well accepted, and there was only one dropped out during the therapy and 2 hospital admissions during the 20 months of contact with patients along the study. Improvements were observed in cognition, social functioning, and quality of life after the treatment, and these results were maintained to the long-term follow-up. To summarize, patients were better 12 months after the treatment than in baseline. CONCLUSION: the integrative psychological program applied was effective and it was well accepted and could be used in public mental health services as a protective factor, reducing hospitalizations, preventing cognitive decline, helping patients to manage their daily worries and making them feel more supported.

[Not Available]. / Insatisfacción corporal y conductas de control del peso en chicas adolescentes con sobrepeso: papel mediador de la ansiedad y la depresión.

Introducción: los problemas relacionados con el peso constituyen un problema importante de salud pública debido a su alta prevalencia y a las adversas consecuencias que tienen para la salud.Objetivo: el objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar si la depresión y la ansiedad tienen un papel mediador en la relación entre la insatisfacción corporal y las conductas de control del peso en chicas adolescentes con sobrepeso.Material y métodos: en el estudio participaron 140 mujeres de 16 a 20 años con sobrepeso. Las participantes tuvieron que cumplimentar la escala de insatisfacción corporal del EDI-2, las escalas de ansiedad y depresión del GHQ-28 y una adaptación de las escalas del EAT survey para evaluar las conductas de control del peso. Para los análisis estadísticos se utilizaron métodos de diferencias de medias, correlaciones y de mediación secuencial.Resultados: las adolescentes con sobrepeso y alta insatisfacción corporal presentaban más sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, así como mayor cantidad de conductas de control del peso. Los resultados del análisis de mediación secuencial evidencian que el efecto de la insatisfacción corporal en las conductas de control del peso está parcialmente mediado por las variables depresión y ansiedad. Mientras que la sintomatología ansiosa presenta efectos directos e indirectos sobre las conductas de control de peso, la sintomatología depresiva solamente presenta un efecto indirecto.Conclusiones:los resultados del estudio destacan el rol mediador de la sintomatología depresiva y, especialmente, de la ansiedad en el desarrollo de conductas no saludables de control del peso.

Outcome of cognitive-behavioral therapy for relatives of people with severe mental disorders / Resultados de la terapia cognitivo-conductual para familiares de personas con trastorno mental severo

BACKGROUND: Over the past 20 years, research shows that families of people affected by severe mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addiction) may suffer emotional distress and lack of self-esteem. AIMS: In this study, long-term effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral treatment designed for relatives of people with severe mental illness was evaluated. METHOD: A total of 30 relatives living with a person affected by a severe mental disorder received 10 sessions of tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy. RESULTS: The study shows that the treatment was effective for the reduction of depression-anxiety symptoms, as well as for negative emotions and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: This psychological support program has shown to be effective as a treatment for the relatives of people with serious mental health problems both in the posttreatment and in the 12-month follow-up

ANTECEDENTES: en los últimos 20 años, la investigación muestra que los familiares de las personas afectadas por una enfermedad mental grave (esquizofrenia, trastorno bipolar y adicciones) pueden sufrir malestar emocional y falta de autoestima. OBJETIVOS: en este estudio se evalúa la eficacia a largo plazo de un tratamiento cognitivo-conductual diseñado para familiares de personas con enfermedad mental grave. MÉTODO: un total de 30 familiares que viven con una persona afectada por un trastorno mental grave recibió 10 sesiones individuales de terapia cognitivo-conductual. RESULTADOS:el tratamiento fue eficaz para la reducción de los síntomas ansioso-depresivos, así como para la disminución de las emociones negativas. CONCLUSIONES: este programa de apoyo psicológico ha demostrado ser eficaz como tratamiento para los familiares de las personas con graves problemas de salud mental, tanto en el postratamiento como en el seguimiento de los 12 meses

Insatisfacción corporal y conductas de control del peso en chicas adolescentes con sobrepeso: papel mediador de la ansiedad y la depresión / Body dissatisfaction and weight control behaviors among overweight adolescent girls: mediating role of anxiety and depression

Introducción: los problemas relacionados con el peso constituyen un problema importante de salud pública debido a su alta prevalencia y a las adversas consecuencias que tienen para la salud. Objetivo: el objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar si la depresión y la ansiedad tienen un papel mediador en la relación entre la insatisfacción corporal y las conductas de control del peso en chicas adolescentes con sobrepeso. Material y métodos: en el estudio participaron 140 mujeres de 16 a 20 años con sobrepeso. Las participantes tuvieron que cumplimentar la escala de insatisfacción corporal del EDI-2, las escalas de ansiedad y depresión del GHQ-28 y una adaptación de las escalas del EAT survey para evaluar las conductas de control del peso. Para los análisis estadísticos se utilizaron métodos de diferencias de medias, correlaciones y de mediación secuencial. Resultados: las adolescentes con sobrepeso y alta insatisfacción corporal presentaban más sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, así como mayor cantidad de conductas de control del peso. Los resultados del análisis de mediación secuencial evidencian que el efecto de la insatisfacción corporal en las conductas de control del peso está parcialmente mediado por las variables depresión y ansiedad. Mientras que la sintomatología ansiosa presenta efectos directos e indirectos sobre las conductas de control de peso, la sintomatología depresiva solamente presenta un efecto indirecto. Conclusiones: los resultados del estudio destacan el rol mediador de la sintomatología depresiva y, especialmente, de la ansiedad en el desarrollo de conductas no saludables de control del peso (AU)

Introduction: The weight-related problems are a major public health problem due to its high prevalence rate and negative health consequences. Objective: The main target of this study was to find out if anxiety and depression play a mediating role between body dissatisfaction and unhealthy weight control behaviors among overweight adolescent girls. Material and methods: Participants in this study were 140 overweight adolescent girls aged 16 to 20. The questionnaires used in the study were the EDI-2 subscale for body dissatisfaction, the GHQ-28 scales for anxiety and depression symptoms and an adaptation of the EAT survey scales to assess the weight control behaviors. Mean differences, correlations and sequential mediation were utilized for data analysis. Results: Overweight adolescent girls with high body dissatisfaction showed more anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as more weight control behaviors. According to the sequential mediation analysis, the infl uence of body dissatisfaction in the weight control behaviors is partially mediated by psychopathological variables (anxiety and depression). Anxiety symptoms have a direct and indirect influence on the weight control behaviors, but depressive symptoms have only an indirect influence. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the mediating roles of depressive and, mainly anxiety symptoms in overweight adolescent girls for the development of unhealthy weight control behaviors (AU)

Outcome of cognitive-behavioral therapy for relatives of people with severe mental disorders.

BACKGROUND: Over the past 20 years, research shows that families of people affected by severe mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addiction) may suffer emotional distress and lack of self-esteem. AIMS: In this study, long-term effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral treatment designed for relatives of people with severe mental illness was evaluated. METHOD: A total of 30 relatives living with a person affected by a severe mental disorder received 10 sessions of tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy. RESULTS:   The study shows that the treatment was effective for the reduction of depression-anxiety symptoms, as well as for negative emotions and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: This psychological support program has shown to be effective as a treatment for the relatives of people with serious mental health problems both in the posttreatment and in the 12-month follow-up.

Effectiveness of a psychological support program for relatives of people with mental disorders compared to a control group: a prandomized controlled trial.

Families of people affected by mental illness may suffer an adverse effect on well-being. In this study, the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral treatment designed for relatives of people with mental health problems was evaluated. The sample comprised 50 individuals: 30 in the experimental group, who completed assessment measures in pre-posttreatment and 6 months later, and 20 participants in the control group, who were assessed at baseline and 6 months later. In the experimental group, significant improvements in well-being were observed following the treatment and 6 months later, when compared to the control group, which did not demonstrate any significant changes in outcomes between the baseline and the second assessment 6 months later. This program has proven to be effective as a treatment for the relatives of people with mental disorders. Finally, several topics that may contribute to future research are discussed.

Piloting a cognitive-behavioral intervention for family members living with individuals with severe mental disorders.

Living with a person who experiences mental health problems can have an adverse effect on well-being. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychological treatment for relatives of people with mental health problems, byusing an interrupted time-series design. The sample comprised 20 individuals, who completed assessment measures at baseline and 6 months later. Sixteen of these participants then received the treatment and were assessed again at the end of the program. There were no significant changes in outcomes between the baseline and the second assessments done 6 months later and there were significant improvements in well-being following treatment The program shows promise as a treatment for relatives of people with mental health problems and therefore warrants further evaluation in more controlled studies.

Pathological gamblers and a non-psychiatric control group taking gender differences into account.

The current study aimed to identify personality traits, emotional states and adjustment variables in a sample of pathological gamblers as compared to a non-gambling control group taking gender differences into account. The sample for this study consisted of 206 subjects (103 pathological gamblers and 103 non-psychiatric subjects from the general population matched for age and gender). Pathological gamblers had a lower educational level and a family history of alcohol abuse higher than non-gamblers. In turn, female gamblers were affected by unemployment and a lower socioeconomic status more often than female non-gamblers. Pathological gamblers were more anxious and impulsive and suffered from a poorer self-esteem than non-gamblers. Likewise, pathological gamblers had a greater history of other Axis I psychiatric disorders and were more often affected by anxiety and depression symptoms and showed a more problematic adjustment to everyday life than non-gamblers. Alcohol abuse was not higher in pathological gamblers than in non-gamblers, but, when gender was taken into account, male gamblers were more affected by alcohol abuse than male non-gamblers. Importantly 68.6% of female gamblers versus 9.8% of control group women reported being victims of intimate partner violence. These findings can be used to specifically inform prevention and intervention efforts.

Pathological gamblers and a non-psychiatric control group taking gender differences into account

The current study aimed to identify personality traits, emotional states and adjustment variables in a sample of pathological gamblers as compared to a non-gambling control group taking gender differences into account. The sample for this study consisted of 206 subjects (103 pathological gamblers and 103 non-psychiatric subjects from the general population matched for age and gender). Pathological gamblers had a lower educational level and a family history of alcohol abuse higher than non-gamblers. In turn, female gamblers were affected by unemployment and a lower socioeconomic status more often than female non-gamblers. Pathological gamblers were more anxious and impulsive and suffered from a poorer self-esteem than non-gamblers. Likewise, pathological gamblers had a greater history of other Axis I psychiatric disorders and were more often affected by anxiety and depression symptoms and showed a more problematic adjustment to everyday life than non-gamblers. Alcohol abuse was not higher in pathological gamblers than in non-gamblers, but, when gender was taken into account, male gamblers were more affected by alcohol abuse than male non-gamblers. Importantly 68.6% of female gamblers versus 9.8% of control group women reported being victims of intimate partner violence. These findings can be used to specifically inform prevention and intervention efforts (AU)

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Clinical gender differences among adult pathological gamblers seeking treatment.

This study aimed to examine the gender-related differences in demographics, gambling measures, psychological functioning, and motivation for therapy in an outpatient sample of pathological gamblers seeking treatment. Participants in this multisite study included 103 adult outpatients (51 women and 52 men) meeting current DSM-IV-TR criteria for PG. Logistic regression was used to examine if gender was related together to categorical and continuous independent variables. Female gamblers were older than men and more likely to be divorced or widowed and to have a lower annual income. Women became more dependent on bingo and men on slot machines. Gambling motivation and the course of illness for both sexes were also different. Female gamblers were more anxious and with a poorer self-esteem than male gamblers and more affected by depressive symptoms; in turn, men were more impulsive and higher sensation seekers than women and more affected by drug/alcohol abuse. The 68.6% of female gamblers reported being victims of intimate partner violence. There were no gender differences about the motivation for treatment. Future research should examine gambling behaviors and psychological functioning and suggest treatment approaches to address specific goals according to these gender-related differences.