[The case of the death of a child due to perforation of the walls of the esophagus and aorta caused by a foreign body - an electric battery]. / Sluchai gibeli rebenka vsledstvie perforatsii stenok pishchevoda i aorty, vyzvannoi inorodnym telom ­ elektricheskoi batareikoi.

The results of a detailed investigation of a casuistic case of fatal perforation of the walls of the esophagus and aorta with subsequent acute blood loss as a result of prolonged presence of a foreign body - an electric battery in the esophagus of a child are presented.

Employing machine learning for theory validation and identification of experimental conditions in laser-plasma physics.

The validation of a theory is commonly based on appealing to clearly distinguishable and describable features in properly reduced experimental data, while the use of ab-initio simulation for interpreting experimental data typically requires complete knowledge about initial conditions and parameters. We here apply the methodology of using machine learning for overcoming these natural limitations. We outline some basic universal ideas and show how we can use them to resolve long-standing theoretical and experimental difficulties in the problem of high-intensity laser-plasma interactions. In particular we show how an artificial neural network can "read" features imprinted in laser-plasma harmonic spectra that are currently analysed with spectral interferometry.

[Interaction between chemical substances contaminating a gaseous medium of hermetically sealed compartments]. / Vzaimodeistvie khimicheskikh veshchestv, zagriazniaiushchikh gazovuiu sredu germozamknutykh pomeshchenii.

We have analyzed pertinent literature data and hypothesized that chemicals in an enclosed environment may interact (products of polymer outgassing, volatile metabolites of man). We have demonstrated that photochemical processes, thermochemical degradation and oxidation of chemicals in an enclosed atmosphere may lead to the formation of new highly toxic substances. The chemical composition of an enclosed atmosphere may be influenced by the technological processes of air purification. We have carried out experiments in a small enclosure to study ammonia and carbon dioxide interaction. When the concentration of ammonia is about 100 mg/m3, that of carbon dioxide is 2.5 vol. % and relative humidity of the atmosphere is 40-50%, the formation reaction of ammonia carbonate compounds proceeds very slowly, producing no significant changes in the environmental toxicological characteristics. It is recommended to continue the study of the interaction of chemicals at low concentrations in an enclosed environment.