[Some Approaches to Activation of Antitumor Resistance Mechanisms and Functional Analogs in Categories of Synergetics].

This paper briefly reviews the ways of activation of the antitumor resistance mechanisms developed on the basis of the concept of the periodic system of general nonspecific adaptational reactions of the body. The principles of the formation of effective influences by electromagnetic radiation using biologically active substances are described. A comparison of the criteria and conceptions of the theory of adaptational reactions to some concepts and categories of synergetics is made. The features of dynamics of the studied parameters upon effective influences are considered. Antistress nature of the systemic effects of ferromagnetic nanoparticles on tumor bearing animals is shown. The, possible mechanisms of regression of large tumor under the influence of two different factors--modulated electromagnetic radiation and magnetite nanoparticles--are discussed. The cases of a change of the order parameter in connection with the development of antistress areactivity and regression of experimental tumors under the influence of the combined electromagnetic impact are analyzed.

[Morphological results of repeated transurethral resection of the bladder for muscle-non-invasive cancer].

Operating material taken from 101 patients aged 32 to 88 years with verified bladder cancer was investigated. Repeated morphological analysis of biopsy material obtained after repeated transurethral resection (TUR) has revealed 35.6% of residual tumors, and the same stage cancer was diagnosed in 23% of cases, lower stage Ta cancer--in 5% of cases. Underestimating the stage took place in 7.9% of cases. Residual tumors according to histological examination were revealed in 24.7% of patients. In tumor size larger than 3 cm, the frequency of detection of residual tumors and muscular invasion was 44.8 and 12.1%, and in tumor size less than 3 cm--23.2 and 2.3%, respectively. Residual tumor was found in 45.7% of cases with rT1G3 and in 27.2% of cases with rT1G2. The muscle invasion was observed only in low-grade tumors--13.5% of cases. In the presence of muscular tissue, invasion was diagnosed in 1.4% of cases, and in the absence of muscular tissue--in 20.5%. Repeated TUR of bladder for muscles-non-invasive cancer allows achieving optimal local control, obtaining additional histological material for morphological examination to confirm the stage of the disease, there from, choose the appropriate treatment and remove residual tumor.

Three-dimensional structure of a single colloidal crystal grain studied by coherent x-ray diffraction.

A coherent x-ray diffraction experiment was performed on an isolated colloidal crystal grain at the coherence beamline P10 at PETRA III. Using azimuthal rotation scans the three-dimensional (3D) scattered intensity from the sample in the far-field was measured. It includes several Bragg peaks as well as the coherent interference around these peaks. The analysis of the scattered intensity reveals the presence of plane defects in a single grain of the colloidal sample. We confirm these findings by model simulations. In these simulations we also analyze the experimental conditions required to phase the 3D diffraction pattern from a single colloidal grain. This approach has the potential to produce a high resolution image of the sample revealing its inner structure, with possible structural defects.