Salud y educación en Ecuador una relavción en tiempos de COVID-19: una perspectiva multivariante / Health and education in Ecuador a relationship in times of covid-19: a multivariate perspective

Uno de los sectores más afectados por la pandemia del COVID-19 ha sido el educativo. Según informe de la UNESCO, hay más de 1 mil millones de estudiantes afectados a nivel mundial. Debido, a varios obstáculos que esta misma organización señala, tales como: deficiencias en el aprendizaje remoto, el costo de la brecha digital entendido como la disparidad que hay en el acceso a la tecnología o internet, sobre todo en países en vías de desarrollo como Ecuador. Además, de que tanto, los estudiantes como los docentes, en su mayoría, no estaban preparados para asumir la educación a distancia. Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de la declaración de pandemia producto del Covid 19 en el ámbito académico desde la perspectiva de la salud mental en estudiantes de Educación Superior. Metodología: Se trata un estudio de campo descriptivo. El análisis se centró en una población de 500.000 mil estudiantes de educación universitaria, y la muestra fue de 384 sujetos. Se aplicó un instrumento de recolección de datos, tipo encuesta con una heterogeneidad del 50%, con un margen de error del 5% y un nivel de confianza de 95%. Resultados: Entre los resultados más relevantes se encontró que, el 97% de los estudiantes encuestados consideraban que realmente existe el covid-19. El 89% manifestó que las cifras de infectados en Ecuador no son ciertas, porque consideran que existe una cifra mayor. Un 76% expresó que están preparados para asumir carga académica a distancia, pero con dudas, porque dudan del contenido y no sienten que haya rendimiento académico. Conclusiones: La declaración de pandemia producto del Covid 19 en el ámbito académico, desde la perspectiva de la salud mental en estudiantes de Educación Superior, ha tenido una incidencia directa en el proceso de enseñanza y de aprendizaje de los y las estudiantes de la universidad(AU)

One of the sectors most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic has been education. According to a UNESCO report, there are more than 1 billion students affected worldwide. Due to several obstacles that this same organization points out, such as: deficiencies in remote learning, the cost of the digital divide understood as the disparity in access to technology or the internet, especially in developing countries such as Ecuador. In addition, both students and teachers, for the most part, were not prepared to take on distance education. Objective: To analyze the incidence of the Covid 19 pandemic declaration in the academic environment from the perspective of mental health in higher education students. Methodology: This is a descriptive field study. The analysis focused on a population of 500,000 thousand university students, and the sample consisted of 384 subjects. A survey-type data collection instrument was applied, with a heterogeneity of 50%, a margin of error of 5% and a confidence level of 95%. The results: Among the most relevant results, it was found that 97% of the students surveyed considered that covid-19 really exists. Eighty-nine percent stated that the numbers of infected people in Ecuador are not true; because they consider that, there is a higher number. The 76% expressed that they are prepared to assume the academic load at a distance, but with doubts, because they doubt the content and do not feel that there is academic performance. Conclusions: The declaration of pandemic product of Covid 19 in the academic environment, from the perspective of mental health in students of Higher Education, have had a direct impact on the teaching and learning process of university students(AU)

Effects of Mobile Learning in Medical Education: A Counterfactual Evaluation.

The aim of this research is to contribute to the general system education providing new insights and resources. This study performs a quasi-experimental study at University of Salamanca with 30 students to compare results between using an anatomic app for learning and the formal traditional method conducted by a teacher. The findings of the investigation suggest that the performance of learners using mobile apps is statistical better than the students using the traditional method. However, mobile devices should be considered as an additional tool to complement the teachers' explanation and it is necessary to overcome different barriers and challenges to adopt these pedagogical methods at University.

An Empirical Assessment of a Technology Acceptance Model for Apps in Medical Education.

The evolution and the growth of mobile applications ("apps") in our society is a reality. This general trend is still upward and the app use has also penetrated the medical education community. However, there is a lot of unawareness of the students' and professionals' point of view about introducing "apps" within Medical School curriculum. The aim of this research is to design, implement and verify that the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) can be employed to measure and explain the acceptance of mobile technology and "apps" within Medical Education. The methodology was based on a survey distributed to students and medical professionals from University of Salamanca. This model explains 46.7% of behavioral intention to use mobile devise or "apps" for learning and will help us to justify and understand the current situation of introducing "apps" into the Medical School curriculum.

Modulation of the arcuate nucleus-medial preoptic nucleus lordosis regulating circuit: a role for GABAB receptors.

Estradiol rapidly activates a microcircuit in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) that is needed for maximal female sexual receptivity. Membrane estrogen receptor-α complexes with and signals through the metabotropic glutamate receptor-1a stimulating NPY release within the ARH activating proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. These POMC neurons project to the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) and release ß-endorphin. Estradiol treatment induces activation/internalization of MPN µ-opioid receptors (MOR) to inhibit lordosis. Estradiol membrane action modulates ARH gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-B (GABAB) activity. We tested the hypothesis that ARH GABAB receptors mediate estradiol-induced MOR activation and facilitation of sexual receptivity. Double-label immunohistochemistry revealed expression of GABAB receptors in NPY, ERα and POMC expressing ARH neurons. Approximately 70% of POMC neurons expressed GABAB receptors. Because estradiol initially activates an inhibitory circuit and maintains activation of this circuit, the effects of blocking GABAB receptors were evaluated before estradiol benzoate (EB) treatment and after at the time of lordosis testing. Bilateral infusions of the GABAB receptor antagonist, CGP52432, into the ARH prior to EB treatment of ovariectomized rats prevented estradiol-induced activation/internalization of MPN MOR, and the rats remained unreceptive. However, in EB-treated rats, bilateral CGP52432 infusions 30 min before behavior testing attenuated MOR internalization and facilitated lordosis. These results indicated that GABAB receptors were located within the lordosis-regulating ARH microcircuit and are necessary for activation and maintenance of the estradiol inhibition of lordosis behavior. Although GABAB receptors positively influence estradiol signaling, they negatively regulate lordosis behavior since GABAB activity maintains the estradiol-induced inhibition.

Leucemia cutis como signo de presentación en una leucemia aguda mielomonocítica / Leukemia cutis: A presenting sign in acute myelomonocytic leukemia

No disponible

Enforced expression of MLL-AF4 fusion in cord blood CD34+ cells enhances the hematopoietic repopulating cell function and clonogenic potential but is not sufficient to initiate leukemia.

Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia harboring the fusion mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-AF4 is associated with a dismal prognosis and very brief latency. Our limited understanding of transformation by MLL-AF4 is reflected in murine models, which do not accurately recapitulate the human disease. Human models for MLL-AF4 disease do not exist. Hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells (HSPCs) represent probable targets for transformation. Here, we explored in vitro and in vivo the impact of the enforced expression of MLL-AF4 in human cord blood-derived CD34(+) HSPCs. Intrabone marrow transplantation into NOD/SCID-IL2Rγ(-/-) mice revealed an enhanced multilineage hematopoietic engraftment, efficiency, and homing to other hematopoietic sites on enforced expression of MLL-AF4. Lentiviral transduction of MLL-AF4 into CD34(+) HSPCs increased the in vitro clonogenic potential of CD34(+) progenitors and promoted their proliferation. Consequently, cell cycle and apoptosis analyses suggest that MLL-AF4 conveys a selective proliferation coupled to a survival advantage, which correlates with changes in the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, sensing DNA damage and DNA repair. However, MLL-AF4 expression was insufficient to initiate leukemogenesis on its own, indicating that either additional hits (or reciprocal AF4-MLL product) may be required to initiate ALL or that cord blood-derived CD34(+) HSPCs are not the appropriate cellular target for MLL-AF4-mediated ALL.