In-hospital COVID-19 infection echocardiographic analysis: a Brazilian, tertiary single-centre experience.

BACKGROUND: Information is lacking concerning in-hospital echocardiography analysis of COVID-19 infection in Brazil. We evaluated echocardiographic parameters to predict a composite endpoint of mortality, pulmonary thromboembolism or acute renal failure. METHODS: A prospective full echocardiographic study of consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19, single tertiary centre in Brazil. We correlated echocardiographic findings to biomarkers, clinical information, thoracic tomography, and in-hospital composite endpoint of mortality, pulmonary thromboembolism or renal failure. RESULTS: One hundred eleven patients from March to October 2020, 67 ± 17 years, 65 (58.5%) men, death was observed in 21/111 (18.9%) patients, 48 (43%) required mechanical ventilation, myocardial infarction occurred in 10 (9%), pulmonary thromboembolism in 7 (6.3%) patients, haemodialysis was required for 9 (9.8%). Echocardiography was normal in 51 (46%) patients, 20 (18%) presented with decreased left ventricle ejection, 18 (16.2%) had abnormal left ventricle global longitudinal strain, 35 (31%) had diastolic dysfunction, 6 (5.4%) had an E/e'ratio > 14, 19 (17.1%) presented with right ventricle dilated/dysfunction, 31 (28%) had pericardial effusion. The echocardiographic parameters did not correlate with mortality, biomarkers, clinical events. Tricuspid velocity was related to the composite endpoint of mortality, pulmonary thromboembolism or acute renal failure (p: 00.3; value: 2.65 m/s; AUC ROC curve: 0.739; sensitivity: 73.3; specificity: 66.7; CI: 0.95, inferior: 0.613; superior: 0,866). CONCLUSIONS: Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, echocardiography was normal in 51(46%) patients, and 20 (18%) patients presented with a decreased left ventricle ejection fraction. Tricuspid velocity was related to the composite endpoint of mortality, pulmonary thromboembolism or acute renal failure.

Limitações do Doppler tecidual na avaliação da função diastólica em idosos / Tissue doppler imaging limitations for evaluating the diastolic function in elderly people / Limitaciones del doppler tisular en la evaluación de la función diastólica en añosos

Fundamento: O Doppler tecidual é uma técnica que complementa a análise da função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo. No entanto, alguns fatores podem influenciar suas medidas, entre estes a idade, cuja contribuição não está adequadamente esclarecida.Objetivo: Comparar o comportamento dos índices de função diastólica derivados do Doppler tecidual em indivíduos idosos hipertensos e não hipertensos.Métodos: Indivíduos com idade acima de 60 anos foram divididos em um grupo controle (GC), sem comorbidades cardiovasculares, e um grupo de hipertensos (HAS). Foram avaliadas as funções sistólica e diastólica (Doppler convencional e tecidual) do ventrículo esquerdo e obtidos os volumes do átrio esquerdo e massa ventricular. Resultados: Foram analisados 56 indivíduos (idade de 70,1 ± 6,6 anos), sendo 23 (41,1%) do GC e 33 (58,9%) do HAS. Os achados ecocardiográficos estruturais foram semelhantes entre os grupos, exceto para hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, mais frequente no HAS (34,4% versus 4,8%; p=0,017). A análise do Doppler tecidual não revelou diferenças entre os grupos (e’ septal: 8,0 ± 1,5 versus 7,2 ± 1,9cm/s; p=0,08 e e’ lateral: 9,8 ± 2,2 versus 8,7 ± 2,0cm/s; p=0,07, respectivamente para o GC e HAS). No HAS observou-se tempo de desaceleração da onda E (TD) mais prolongado (253 ± 62 versus 208 ± 36 ms no GC; p=0,003). Conclusão: Na análise da função diastólica em idosos, o Doppler tecidual não foi capaz de discriminar de forma acurada, indivíduos hipertensos, com maior potencial para a ocorrência de disfunção diastólica, de indivíduos não hipertensos. O TD revelou-se um parâmetro a ser valorizado nesta população.

Background: Tissue Doppler imaging is a technique that complements the analysis of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. Some factors may influence these parameters, however the true influence of age on Tissue Doppler velocities remains unclear. Objective: To compare the indices of diastolic function derived from tissue Doppler imaging in hypertensive and non-hypertensive elderly individuals. Methods: Subjects aged over 60 years, divided into two groups were studied: a control group (GC) without cardiovascular comorbidities and a hypertensive group (HAS). Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function (conventional and tissue Doppler) was assessed, and measurements of left atrial volumes and LV mass were obtained. Results: The group consisted of 56 subjects (70.1 ± 6.6 years), 23 (41.1%) in the GC and 33 (58.9%) in the HAS. Except for LV hypertrophy, more frequent in the HAS group compared to HG (34.4% versus 4.8% respectively; p=0.017), all structural echocardiographic findings were similar. Tissue Doppler analysis revealed no differences between the groups (septal e’: 8.0 ± 1.5 vs. 7.2 ± 1.9 cm/s; p=0.083 and lateral e’: 9.8 ± 2.2 versus 8.7 ± 2.0 cm/s; p=0.074, respectively, for GC and HAS). A longer E-wave deceleration time was observed for HAS group (253 ± 62 versus 208 ± 36 ms in GC; p=0.003).Conclusion: In the analysis of diastolic function in elderly, tissue Doppler imaging was not able to discriminate hypertensive individuals, with the greatest potential for the occurrence of diastolic dysfunction, to the non-hypertensive individuals.The E-wave deceleration time proved to be a valuable parameter in this population.

Fundamento: El Doppler tisular es una técnica que complementa el análisis de la función diastólica del ventrículo izquierdo. Mientras tanto, algunos factores pueden influenciar sus medidas, entre estos la edad, cuya contribución no está adecuadamente aclarada. Objetivo: Comparar el comportamiento de los índices de función diastólica derivados del Doppler tisular en individuos añosos hipertensos y no hipertensos. Métodos: Individuos con edad encima de 60 años fueron divididos en un grupo control (GC), sin comorbilidades cardiovasculares, y un grupo de hipertensos (HAS). Fueron evaluadas las funciones sistólica y diastólica (Doppler convencional y tisular) del ventrículo izquierdo y obtenidos los volúmenes del atrio izquierdo y de la masa ventricular. Resultados: Fueron analizados 56 individuos (edad de 70,1 ± 6,6 años), siendo 23 (41,1%) del GC y 33 (58,9%) del HAS. Los hallazgos ecocardiográficos estructurales fueron semejantes entre los grupos, excepto para hipertrofia ventricular izquierda, más frecuente en el HAS (34,4% versus 4,8%; p = 0,017). El análisis del Doppler tisular no reveló diferencias entre los grupos (e' septal: 8,0 ± 1,5 versus 7,2 ± 1,9 cm/s; p = 0,08 y e' lateral: 9,8 ± 2,2 versus 8,7 ± 2,0 cm/s; p = 0,07, respectivamente para el GC y HAS). En la HAS, se observó tiempo de desaceleración de la onda E (TD) más prolongado (253 ± 62 versus 208 ± 36 ms en el GC; p = 0,003). Conclusión: En el análisis de la función diastólica en añosos, el Doppler tisular no fue capaz de discriminar, de forma precisa, individuos hipertensos, con mayor potencial para la ocurrencia de disfunción diastólica, de individuos no hipertensos. El TD se reveló un parámetro a ser valorizado en esta población. (Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem cardiovasc. 2014;27(3):184-190)

Disfunção ventricular esquerda induzida pelo estresse (takotsubo-Invertido) em pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal / Stress-induced cardiomyopathy (Inverted Takotsubo) after abdominal surgery

Classicamente, a cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo caracteriza-se por alteração transitória da contratilidade regional envolvendo o ápex e os segmentos médios do ventrículo esquerdo, com segmentos basais hipercontráteis, na ausência de doença coronária obstrutiva. Recentemente, casos de disfunção regional do ventrículo esquerdo induzidos pelo estresse, com padrões alternativos de disfunção regional em que o ápex é geralmente poupado (Takotsubo Invertido), têm sido relatados. Neste relato é descrito um caso de miocardiopatia induzida pelo estresse, no qual alterações da contratilidade segmentar foram observadas somente nos segmentos médios dos ventrículos, formando uma região acinética em faixa em torno do coração.

Avanços em ecocardiografia tridimensional: 2010 / New features in three-dimensional echocardiography: 2010

A ecocardiografia em tempo real representa grande avanço para a análise ecocardiográfica das estruturas cardíacas. Atualmente há a possibilidade da análise estrutural a partir de batimento cardíaco único, o que traz maior realidade anatômica à investigação ultrassonográfica e representa potencial aplicação clínica em pacientes portadores de grande irregularidade de ritmo cardíaco.

Left atrial volume and function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) contributes to the deterioration of left ventricular diastolic function. This may lead to atrial myocardial overstretching and enlargement, which could be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate left atrial (LA) volume and function in patients with OSA compared with controls without OSA and their associations with any left ventricular diastolic abnormalities using real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE). METHODS: Fifty-six patients with mild to severe OSA and 50 controls of similar age and with similar body mass indexes, blood pressure, and frequency of hypertension were analyzed. All subjects underwent polysomnography and RT3DE. RESULTS: A larger 3-dimensional maximum LA volume indexed for body surface area, larger volume before atrial contraction, and higher active atrial ejection fraction were found in patients with OSA (P < .01 for all). Mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E') was reduced in patients with OSA (P = .03), whereas late diastolic velocity (A') and the ratio of mitral valve early diastolic velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/E') were increased in the same group (P < .05 for both). In addition, a lower E'/A' ratio was also found in the OSA group (P = .02). An increase in 3-dimensional maximum LA volume indexed for body surface area was observed, depending on OSA severity. The apnea-hypopnea index and E/E' ratio were independent predictors of an increase in 3-dimensional maximum LA volume in a multiple regression model. CONCLUSION: Using RT3DE, this study demonstrates that OSA induces a functional burden on the left atrium, resulting in remodeling. These functional and structural changes are related to the impairment of diastolic function in this population.