ABSTRACT
There is growing concern regarding the current treatment of juvenile offenders within the justice system. Most mental health professionals would agree that it is best to adopt a rehabilitative approach toward delinquent youths, but current practices do not always follow this principle. Youth incarceration is a costly and often debilitative process. There is growing evidence for community-based alternatives that aim to rehabilitate juvenile delinquents. Some of these interventions have proved to be successful in the prevention of delinquent acts.
Subject(s)
Community Mental Health Services/methods , Evidence-Based Practice/methods , Juvenile Delinquency/rehabilitation , Psychotherapy/methods , Adolescent , HumansSubject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Adolescent , Age of Onset , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Aripiprazole , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Male , Piperazines/administration & dosage , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Quinolones/administration & dosage , Quinolones/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Children with behavioral or psychiatric complaints are often evaluated in pediatric emergency room settings, and may present as agitated or violent at any point during the evaluation process. Emergency department-based practitioners should be aware of risk factors associated with agitation and should be able to assess the agitated patient in a timely fashion. Management may require the use of pharmacological agents that can mitigate agitation safely and effectively, thus ensuring good outcomes for patients and emergency department staff.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Psychomotor Agitation/drug therapy , Child , Emergency Service, Hospital , Humans , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To review the treatment of ADHD in children with chronic tic disorders. BACKGROUND: Tic disorders are relatively common in school-age children and range from mild to severe. Children with mild tics may not require medication for the treatment of tics. The co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior are common in children with tic disorders and may be associated with significant morbidity. METHODS: We conducted a literature search to identify reports of tics as an adverse effect to stimulant medication, the treatment of children with ADHD and tics as well as novel treatments that have been proposed for the treatment of ADHD in children with tic disorders. RESULTS: The preponderance of evidence suggests that stimulant medications are safe and effective in the treatment of children with ADHD and tic disorders. A minority of children with tic disorders may show a worsening of tics or not tolerate stimulants for other reasons. The growing list of non-stimulants provides options for clinicians and parents of these children. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment planning for children with ADHD and tic disorders involves careful discussion with parents on choosing the best course of action. Stimulants should be part of this discussion. More study is needed on non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of tics and ADHD in this population.
