ABSTRACT
Traditionally, cancer studies have primarily focused on mutations that activate growth or survival pathways in susceptible pre-neoplastic/neoplastic cells. However, recent research has revealed a critical role for non-neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment in the process of cancer formation and progression. In addition, the existence of regional and developmental variations in susceptible cell types and supportive microenvironments support a model of tumorigenesis in which the dynamic symbiotic relationship between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell types dictate where and when cancers form and grow. In this review, we highlight advances in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) genetically engineered mouse brain tumor (glioma) modeling to reveal how cellular and molecular heterogeneity in both the pre-neoplastic/neoplastic and non-neoplastic cellular compartments contribute to gliomagenesis and glioma growth.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology , Neurofibromatosis 1/pathology , Tumor Microenvironment/physiology , Animals , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/physiopathology , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics , Extracellular Matrix/pathology , Humans , Mice , Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics , Neurofibromatosis 1/physiopathology , Stromal Cells/pathologyABSTRACT
Placobdelloides bancrofti (Best, 1931) Sawyer, 1986 (Euhirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) is recorded for the first time from a location in North Queensland, Australia. Placobdelloides bancrofti was found feeding on the freshwater turtle Emydura krefftii and was collected from a new host species Elseya latisternum. Examination of live individuals enabled us to document external coloration and markings for the first time. Clarification of the original description of P. bancrofti is made, correcting the location of the anal pore, and then the taxonomic history of this species is discussed.
