Tumor de Askin: un tumor infrecuente de la pared torácica / Askin tumor: a rare tumor of the chest wall / Tumor de Askin: um tumor raro da parede torácica

El tumor de Askin o tumor primitivo neuroectodérmico es una neoplasia de células pequeñas redondas que se origina de los tejidos blandos de la pared torácica, probablemente a partir de células embrionarias que migran de la cresta neural. Son tumores muy agresivos que metastatizan rápidamente y de forma diseminada. Clínicamente, los pacientes presentan una masa de tejidos blandos en la pared del tórax que puede cursar o no con dolor. Otras manifestaciones incluyen disnea, tos, pérdida de peso, síndrome de Horner y adenopatías regionales. La radiografía de tórax muestra una masa heterogénea extrapulmonar, por lo general de gran tamaño, que puede opacificar completamente el hemitórax. El pronóstico del tumor de Askin es pobre; sin embargo, el uso combinado de quimioterapia, cirugía y radiación ha mejorado el resultado de forma drástica.

Askin tumor or primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a small round cells' neoplasia, which originates in the chest's soft tissues probably from embryonic cells that migrate from the neural crest. They are very aggressive tumors that metastasize and disseminate quickly. Clinically, patients show a soft tissue mass in the chest that may or may not be accompanied by pain. Other manifestations include dyspnea, cough, weight loss, Horner syndrome and regional lymphadenopathy. Chest radiographies show a usually large extrapulmonary heterogeneous mass, which can completely opacify the hemithorax. The prognosis is poor; however, the combined use of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation has improved results dramatically.

O tumor de Askin ou tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo é uma neoplasia de pequenas células redondas que se origina dos tecidos moles da parede torácica, provavelmente de células embrionárias que tem migrado da crista neural. São tumores muito agressivos que metastatizam e se disseminam rapidamente. Clinicamente, os pacientes apresentam uma massa de partes moles na parede torácica que pode ou não causar dor. Outras manifestações incluem dispneia, tosse, perda de peso, síndrome de Horner e linfadenopatia regional. A radiografia de tórax mostra uma massa extrapulmonar heterogênea, geralmente grande, que pode opacar completamente o hemitórax. O prognóstico do tumor de Askin é ruim; no entanto, o uso combinado de quimioterapia, cirurgia e radiação tem melhorado drasticamente o resultado.

Resilience: Conceptualization and Keys to Its Promotion in Educational Centers.

This article conceptualizes resilience, a capacity present in all people that can be activated to face and overcome adversity. Based on a systematic review of the literature, the different lines by which research on this subject has been developed to the present moment, when it is interpreted from neuroscience, are identified. From the first descriptions of risk and protective factors, the concept has moved through the consideration of resilience as a process that can be carried out by anyone and not as an intrinsic characteristic of exceptional people, to the study of the will to not let oneself be discouraged and the personal commitment to overcome. Next, the keys to promote this capacity in educational centers are analyzed. There are two main focuses of intervention: the relationship that the teacher can establish with students and the pedagogical strategies and resources that can be used. From the purpose of the integral formation of people and in an inclusive framework, educational centers have the challenge and responsibility to promote resilient processes in all students, especially in those who experience more barriers to learning and participation due to personal circumstances and adversities. In this way, educational centers are encouraged to be protective environments where all students feel safe and can empower themselves and unfold their potential. The review has been conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, and the bibliographic search has been performed in the Dialnet Plus, Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases.

Evidencias y retos de la Atención Temprana: el modelo centrado en la familia / Evidence and Challenges of Early Intervention: the Family-Centered Model

El propósito de la Atención Temprana es ofrecer un servicio de calidad para el máximo desarrollo y autonomía de los niños y abogar por la calidad de vida y el bienestar familiar. El modelo actual de intervención se identifica con las prácticas centradas en la familia, basadas en la construcción de capacidades familiares, donde los profesionales deben actuar como colaboradores para dar respuesta a las necesidades de los progenitores. Este artículo pretende realizar una revisión sistematizada de la literatura, para analizar las investigaciones empíricas en el campo de la Atención Temprana desde el año 2000 e identificar aspectos que inducen a nuevas investigaciones. Se hallaron y analizaron un total de 33 artículos. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de que se lleve a cabo el modelo centrado en la familia, hay obstáculos para desempeñar prácticas participativas, ya que implican la modificación de los apoyos profesionales y, al mismo tiempo, cambios en el protagonismo de la familia durante la intervención. La formación, la actitud del profesional o la toma de decisiones conjunta entre el profesional y la familia son aspectos que requieren ser mejorados de acuerdo con los principios del modelo centrado en la familia. Además, se precisa mayor investigación en la relación profesional-familia, el bienestar familiar, el desarrollo de nuevos programas y la actitud de los profesionales para consagrar la calidad de los servicios de Atención Temprana

The purpose of Early Childhood Intervention is to provide a quality service for the maximum development and autonomy of children and to advocate quality of life and family well-being. The current model of intervention is focused on family-centred practices. These are based on building family capacity, where professionals must act as partners to respond to parents' needs. This article aims to conduct a systematized review of the literature, to analyze empirical research in the field of Early Intervention since 2000 and to identify aspects that lead to new research. A total of 33 articles were analysed and percived. The results show that despite family-centred practices, there are obstacles to participatory. These involve the modification of professional supports and, at the same time, the role of the family during the intervention. The training, the attitude of the professional or the joint decision making between the professional and the family are aspects that require improvement according to the principles of the family-centred model. In addition, more research is needed on the professional-family relationship, family welfare, the development of new programs and the attitude of professionals to establish the quality of Early Intervention services

Novedades en las recomendaciones de reanimación cardiopulmonar pediátrica / The latest in paediatric resuscitation recommendations

La parada cardiaca en niños tiene una elevada mortalidad. Para mejorar los resultados de la reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) es esencial la difusión de las recomendaciones internacionales de RCP y el entrenamiento de los profesionales sanitarios y la población general. Este artículo resume las recomendaciones europeas de RCP pediátrica de 2015, que están basadas en la revisión de los avances en RCP y el consenso en la ciencia y de tratamiento realizados por el Consejo Internacional de Resucitación. Las recomendaciones españolas de RCP pediátrica elaboradas por el Grupo Español de Reanimación Cardiopulmonar Pediátrica y Neonatal son una adaptación de las recomendaciones europeas y serán las utilizadas para la formación en reanimación a los profesionales sanitarios y la población general. En el artículo se destacan los principales cambios con respecto a las anteriores del 2010 en prevención de la parada cardiaca, diagnóstico de la parada cardiaca, RCP básica, RCP avanzada y cuidados posresucitación, y se presentan los algoritmos de tratamiento de RCP básica, desobstrucción de la vía aérea y RCP avanzada

Cardiac arrest has a high mortality in children. To improve the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is essential to disseminate the international recommendations and the training of health professionals and the general population in resuscitation. This article summarises the 2015 European Paediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation recommendations, which are based on a review of the advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and consensus in the science and treatment by the International Council on Resuscitation. The Spanish Paediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation recommendations, developed by the Spanish Group of Paediatric and Neonatal Resuscitation, are an adaptation of the European recommendations, and will be used for training health professionals and the general population in resuscitation. This article highlights the main changes from the previous 2010 recommendations on prevention of cardiac arrest, the diagnosis of cardiac arrest, basic life support, advanced life support and post-resuscitation care, as well as reviewing the algorithms of treatment of basic life support, obstruction of the airway and advanced life support

[The latest in paediatric resuscitation recommendations]. / Novedades en las recomendaciones de reanimación cardiopulmonar pediátrica.

Cardiac arrest has a high mortality in children. To improve the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is essential to disseminate the international recommendations and the training of health professionals and the general population in resuscitation. This article summarises the 2015 European Paediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation recommendations, which are based on a review of the advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and consensus in the science and treatment by the International Council on Resuscitation. The Spanish Paediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation recommendations, developed by the Spanish Group of Paediatric and Neonatal Resuscitation, are an adaptation of the European recommendations, and will be used for training health professionals and the general population in resuscitation. This article highlights the main changes from the previous 2010 recommendations on prevention of cardiac arrest, the diagnosis of cardiac arrest, basic life support, advanced life support and post-resuscitation care, as well as reviewing the algorithms of treatment of basic life support, obstruction of the airway and advanced life support.

Apego y psicopatología en adolescentes y jóvenes que han sufrido maltrato: implicaciones clínicas / Attachment and psychopathology in formerly maltreated adolescents and young adults: Clinical implications

Se estudia la relación entre apego y psicopatología en una muestra de 40 adolescentes y jóvenes que han sufrido maltrato intrafamiliar. El apego se evalúa mediante el cuestionario RQ de Bartholomew, que distingue cuatro estilos de apego en función de la imagen positiva o negativa del self y de los demás: apego seguro, preocupado, temeroso y evitativo. Los resultados del estudio muestran que el apego inseguro, sobre todo el subtipo evitativo, es el más prevalente. Algo más de la mitad de la muestra (52.5%) presenta sintomatología clínicamente significativa (evaluada mediante el SCL-90-R), en especial hostilidad, obsesión-compulsión, ideación paranoide, psicoticismo y sensibilidad interpersonal. Los estilos de apego con una visión negativa del self (preocupado y temeroso) tienden a presentar más sintomatología psicopatológica. Se discuten las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados

In this research, the relationship between attachment and psychopathology was studied in a sample of 40 adolescents and young adults who have suffered from intrafamily maltreatment. Attachment was assessed with Bartholomew’s RQ, which distinguishes four attachment styles depending on the positive or negative image of the self and others: secure, preoccupied, fearful and dismissive attachment. Results show that insecure attachment, particularly the dismissive subtype, is the most prevalent one. Slightly more than half of the sample (52.5%) shows clinically significant symptoms (as assessed with the SCL-90-R), particularly hostility, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and interpersonal sensitivity. Attachment styles with a negative vision of the self (preoccupied and fearful) tend to show more psychopathological symptoms. The clinical implications of these results are also discussed