ABSTRACT
This study was designed to compare tumor enhancement by superparamagnetic iron oxide particles, using anionic iron oxide nanoparticles (AP) and ferumoxtran. In vitro, relaxometry and media with increasing complexity were used to assess the changes in r2 relaxivity due to cellular internalization. In vivo, 26 mice with subcutaneously implanted tumors were imaged for 24 h after injection of particles to describe kinetics of enhancement using T1 spin echo, T2 spin echo, and T2 fast spin echo sequences. In vitro, the r2 relaxivity decreased over time (0-4 h) when AP were uptaken by cells. The loss of r2 relaxivity was less pronounced with long (Hahn Echo) than short (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) echo time sequences. In vivo, our results with ferumoxtran showed an early T2 peak (1 h), suggesting intravascular particles and a second peak in T1 (12 h), suggesting intrainterstitial accumulation of particles. With AP, the late peak (24 h) suggested an intracellular accumulation of particles. In vitro, anionic iron oxide nanoparticles are suitable for cellular labeling due to a high cellular uptake. Conversely, in vivo, ferumoxtran is suitable for passive targeting of tumors due to a favorable biodistribution.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Contrast Media , Image Enhancement/methods , Iron , Oxides , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Animals , Contrast Media/pharmacokinetics , Dextrans , Disease Models, Animal , Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy , Extracellular Fluid/metabolism , Ferrosoferric Oxide , Humans , Intracellular Fluid/metabolism , Iron/pharmacokinetics , Magnetite Nanoparticles , Male , Mice , Mice, Nude , Nanostructures , Neoplasm Transplantation , Oxides/pharmacokinetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Spectrum Analysis , Tissue Distribution , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Magnetic particle-effector conjugates are widely used in vitro for cell sorting in various pathologies. The coupling between the particles and the effectors being realized through S-S bridges, the particles must first be thiolated before the coupling. In this work, the synthesis, in aqueous medium, of nanoparticles of maghemite thiolated by dimercaptosuccinic acid is described. The superficial complexation by a thiol-containing ligand induces a reductive dissolution of the oxide and leads to the adsorption of polydisulfide species coming from the oxidation of the ligand. Adsorption and redox reactions being strongly correlated to the composition of the medium, the amount of adsorbed ligand and the quantity of iron(II) released into the medium have been simultaneously determined, at various pH, for different concentrations of ligand added. The charge of the particles is drastically modified in the presence of a chelating agent; as a consequence, the colloidal stability is greatly affected and so the flocculation ranges of the complexed particles have been established for different pH. When the quantity of ligand added is sufficient (0.05 mol/mol of iron), the ferrofluid based on thiolated maghemite particles is stable between pH 3 and 11 and can be used for biomedical applications. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press
