ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the quality of sleep of patients with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) compared with a control group. METHODS: A total of 70 patients with primary BMS and 70 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The severity of pain was evaluated with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Four validated questionnaires were used to investigate the psychological profile of each patient: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (EES). RESULTS: Poor sleep quality was present in 67.1% patients with BMS vs. 17.1% in control subjects (P ≤ 0.001). For patients with BMS, total data resulting from the PSQI correlated with results obtained by the EES (P ≤ 0.001), VAS pain (P ≤ 0.001), localization (P = 0.01), HAD-A (P = 0.001) and HAD-D (P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that an increase of one point in each depression score (HAD-D) made the chances of PSQI 1.26 times more likely, with a 95% confidence interval (CI = 1.03-1.55). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with primary BMS exhibited significant decreases in sleep quality compared with the control group.
Subject(s)
Burning Mouth Syndrome/complications , Quality of Life/psychology , Self Report , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Sleep/physiology , Burning Mouth Syndrome/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Retrospective Studies , Sleep Wake Disorders/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an intensive chronic oral mucosal pain condition of unknown aetiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of lycopene-enriched virgin olive oil used to treat the condition, comparing this with a placebo. This study took the form of a double-bind, randomised clinical trial. A total of 60 patients with BMS were randomly divided into two groups: Group I (n = 30) treated with lycopene-enriched virgin olive oil (300 ppm) (1.5 mL three times a day) and Group II (n=treated with a placebo (1.5 mL three times a day). Evaluations were made before and after 12 weeks of product/placebo application. Symptoms were evaluated by VAS, whilst patient psychological profiles were assessed using the HAD scale and patient quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and the Medical Outcome Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF36). Fifty patients completed the 12-week treatment (26 in Group I and 24 in Group II). Visual analogue scale pain values improved in both groups but without statistically significant differences between the groups (P = 0.57). Oral quality of life also improved. Four patients in Group I (treatment) left the study and six left Group II (placebo). No patients experienced any adverse effects resulting from treatment at any of the evaluation times. Patients were lost from the sample due to lack of compliance. It was found that the lipid profile did not change during the 3-month study period as a result of the application of lycopene-enriched olive oil (Group I); nor did any change occur in the placebo group (Group II). In this way, the placebo effect was seen to be strong. The topical lycopene-enriched virgin olive oil is a very safe and an effective similar way that the placebo for treating patients with BMS. However, future studies are required to establish the treatment for patients with chronic and painful syndrome.
Subject(s)
Burning Mouth Syndrome/drug therapy , Carotenoids/therapeutic use , Plant Oils/chemistry , Administration, Topical , Aged , Carotenoids/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Lycopene , Male , Middle Aged , Olive Oil , Pain Measurement/methods , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between autoimmune disease and oral lichen planus (OLP), comparing OLP patients with a control population. METHODS: This cross-sectional clinical study evaluated the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in male and female patients with OLP. The variables analysed were age, sex, tobacco and alcohol consumption, the clinical form of OLP, time of evolution and the presence of autoimmune diseases. RESULTS: Autoimmune diseases were present in 7% of OLP patients (10/130) and 4% of the control group (6/130) without statistically significant difference (P = 0.67). The estimated odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) of the presence of autoimmune disease in OLP sufferers was 1.033 (0.97-1.10). A logistic regression model for presence/absence of the risk autoimmune disease found statistically significant differences in relation to age. CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is no definitive hypothesis that explains the coexistence of OLP and autoimmune disease; further research is required into the mechanisms whereby this coexistence occurs.
