ABSTRACT
It is generally believed that increasing feeding frequency has immediate benefits, including reduced nutrient leaching and increased shrimp growth. In this context, the aim this work was to evaluate the effect of feeding frequency in growth performance of Farfantepenaeus paulensis. Juveniles of Farfantepenaeus paulensis were grown for 30 days in pen enclosures, at a stocking density of 5 shrimp/m2. The shrimp were fed on feeding trays at a rate of 8% of their biomass per day, with treatments of one, two, three and four times per day, with four replicates each. The results showed no differences (5% probability) in biomass gain of F. paulensis when feed was offered two, three or four times per day. However, it was observed that the once a day frequency had a negative influence on weight gain for this species of shrimp. We conclude that the supply of food with 35% crude protein twice a day is sufficient for the growth of F paulensis. Feeding frequency of three or four times can provide increased spending in the cultivation of juveniles of this species.
Acredita-se que uma frequência maior de alimentação traz benefícios imediatos, incluindo a redução da lixiviação de nutrientes e o aumento do crescimento do camarão. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes frequências de oferta de alimento sobre o crescimento de Farfantepenaeus paulensis. Juvenis de Farfantepenaeus paulensis foram criados por 30 dias em tanques-rede, na densidade de estocagem de cinco camarões/m 2. Os camarões foram alimentados em comedouros com 8% da sua biomassa/dia, ofertados em parcelamentos de uma, duas, três e quatro vezes ao dia, com quatro repetições para cada tratamento. Os resultados mostraram que não ocorreram diferenças (5% de probabilidade) no ganho de biomassa de F. paulensis quando a frequência alimentar foi de duas, três ou quatro vezes ao dia. No entanto, os dados indicam que a frequência alimentar de uma vez ao dia interferiu negativamente no ganho de peso dessa espécie. Conclui-se que o fornecimento de ração com 35% de proteína bruta duas vezes ao dia é suficiente para o crescimento de F paulensis. O fornecimento de alimento três ou quatro vezes ao dia poderia acarretar maiores gastos no manejo de juvenis dessa espécie.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed , Artemia , Feeding Behavior , Aquaculture , Weight GainABSTRACT
Immature phlebotomine sand flies develop in soils with essential and ideal characteristics for their life cycle, such as organic matter, humidity, temperature and low levels of light. Information regarding the potential breeding places of these dipterans is fundamental to understand the epidemiology and ecology of leishmaniasis, in addition to its importance to control them. In the present study, we aimed to find natural breeding sites of sand flies on Marambaia Island with the aid of emergence traps and direct search of immature forms using the flotation technique with saturated sugar solution in organic substrates of the region. Both methods were effective, with a total of 42 specimens of six different species - including some species that participate in the transmission cycle of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis - collected by the emergence traps, and five immature forms obtained by floatation technique. However, further studies are still necessary, mainly with respect to the ecology and biology of immature sandfly stages, so that control measures focused on breeding sites can produce positive sustainable results in natural environments.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Islands , Psychodidae/physiology , Animals , Brazil , Reproduction/physiology , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
AIM: Objective of the study was to determine the effects of a periodized resistance training program on body composition, plasmatic levels of leptin and resistin, and muscle strength in elderly post-menopausal women. METHODS: Twenty-three post-menopausal women (age= 63.02±4.42 years; height 1.55±0.06 m; body mass 67.56±2.26 kg) were submitted to 12 months of periodized resistance training twice a week. The training program consisted of 3 sets of 6-14 repetitions maximal (RM). Body composition (DXA), muscle strength (bench press, leg press 45º and arm curl), plasmatic levels of resistin and leptin (ELISA method) were assessed before and after the training program. Paired Student's t test was used for comparison between pre- and post-training values. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in muscle strength and lean body mass; decrease in body mass, body fat percentage and fat mass after 12 months of resistance training, a part from the decrease in leptin and resistin levels. CONCLUSION: Long-term periodized resistance training prevents aging sarcopenia, decreases body fat and systemic markers of inflammation in postmenopausal elderly women.
