ABSTRACT
The in vitro antileishmanial activity of Brazilian green propolis hydroalcoholic extract (BPE) were carried out on Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis against both promastigote (doses ranging from 1 to 750 microg mL(-1)) and amastigote (10, 100, and 250 microg mL(-1)) assays in comparison with the positive (amphotericin B) and negative (dimethyl sulfoxide at 1% in physiologic solution) control groups. BPE displayed in vitro antileishmanial activities against promastigote forms of the parasite (p < 0.05). However, it was inactive against its amastigote ones. In the in vitro cytotoxicity assay against Vero cells, BPE showed no cytotoxicity in the maximum doses tested. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis allowed the identification of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, aromadendrine-4'-methyl-ether, 3-prenyl-p-coumaric acid (drupanin), and 3,5-diprenil-p-cumárico acid (artepillin C) as major compounds of BPE. In the in vivo assay, using a Balb/C lineage of Mus musculus male mice, groups of ten animals each were treated (1.5 mg kg day(-1)) with BPE orally (group 1), BPE topically (group 2), BPE orally and topically (group 3), and glucantime (group 4), using NaCl 0.9% (group 5) as the negative control group. Groups 1, 2, and 3 displayed a decrease on lesion development, after 90 days of treatment, by 78.6%, 84.3%, and 90.0%, respectively, while the glucantime-treated group showed 57.7% of decrease, all in comparison with the negative control group. It is the first time that the in vivo antileishmanial activity has been reported for Brazilian green propolis.
Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/isolation & purification , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Leishmania braziliensis/drug effects , Propolis/chemistry , Administration, Oral , Administration, Topical , Amphotericin B/pharmacology , Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/toxicity , Cell Survival , Chlorocebus aethiops , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Treatment Outcome , Vero CellsABSTRACT
Myoplasties of the extraocular muscle may cause adhesions between the operated muscle and the adjacent tissues, commonly generating cicatricial strabismus. With the purpose of reducing to a minimum the occurrence of adhesion, the effects of mitomycin C, an antifibrotic agent, were studied in concentrations of 0.008 percent, 0.02 percent, and 0.04 percent applied during intraoperative of myoplasties of the superior rectus muscle of rabbits. Fifty six animals were divided in five groups. During the postoperative, the operated areas were washed with physiological solution. Eye drop instillation to prevent inflammation and bacterial infection were used. The method to analyze the results consisted of clinical and histological evaluation and statistical analyzes. We also evaluated at the same time the amount of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) by immunohistochemical study. Clinically, more adhesions were found in the eyes of the control group than in the groups of treated eyes. However there was no significant statistics difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Histologically, mitomycin C caused a delayed cicatrization in the mioplastic areas, specially in the group who received the 0.02 percent concentration. The immunohistochemical showed FGF-2 marking in fibroblasts and macrophages, but between the groups there wasn't no difference. Based on those results, mitomycin C in the utilized concentrations was capable of delaying the cicatrization and consequently avoid the secondary strabismus without undesirable side effects.
Mioplastias da musculatura extra-ocular podem ensejar aderências entre o músculo operado e os tecidos adjacentes, produzindo, não raro, estrabismos cicatriciais. Com intuito de se minimizar a ocorrência de aderências, investigaram-se os efeitos da mitomicina C, como agente antifibrótico, em concentrações ascendentes de 0,008, 0,02 e 0,04 por cento, aplicada no per-operatório de mioplastias do reto superior do bulbo do olho de coelhos. Operaram-se 56 animais, que compuseram cinco grupos. No pós-operatório, instituíram-se limpeza com solução fisiológica das áreas operadas e profilaxia antimicrobiana e antiinflamatória, na forma de colírio. Avaliações clínica, histológica e imunoistoquímica, em que se estudou o fator de crescimento fibroblástico-básico (FGF-2), e estatística compuseram os métodos de análise dos resultados. Encontraram-se, clinicamente, mais aderências nos olhos-controle, comparativamente aos tratados, embora sem diferença estatística (P>0,05). À histologia, verificou-se que a mitomicina C ensejou retardo da cicatrização junto às áreas das mioplastias, notadamente no grupo que a recebeu, à concentração de 0,02 por cento. A imunoistoquímica revelou marcação do FGF-2 em fibroblastos e macrófagos indistintamente entre os grupos. Com base nos resultados, permite-se admitir que a mitomicina C, nas concentrações em que foi empregada, retardou a cicatrização e, por conseguinte, o estrabismo secundário, sem ensejar efeitos colaterais.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Mitomycin/administration & dosage , Mitomycin/adverse effects , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Ophthalmology , Tissue AdhesionsABSTRACT
Reports of Toxocara canis ocular larva migrans are uncommon in animals, with only a few cases reported. Most reports involve larval migration into the retina and choroid, with parasitic invasion of the orbit reported only in experimental studies. This is the first clinical case of Toxocara canis infection in the retrobulbar region of a 10-year-old, cross-bred male dog presenting with unilateral orbital cellulitis. Ophthalmic signs included protrusion of the nictitating membrane, chemosis, exophthalmos and hypertropia. The parasite was diagnosed by histologic and parasitologic examination of orbital tissues, which were removed during enucleation.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Orbital Diseases/veterinary , Toxocara canis/isolation & purification , Toxocariasis/diagnosis , Animals , Cellulitis/diagnosis , Cellulitis/veterinary , Diagnosis, Differential , Dog Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dog Diseases/pathology , Dog Diseases/surgery , Dogs , Eye Enucleation/veterinary , Male , Orbital Diseases/diagnosis , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
As infecções por agentes do gênero Leishmania constituem um importante problema de saúde pública na Américas, sendo o Brasil o país que apresenta a mais alta incidência. Transmitida por fêmeas do inseto do gênero Lutzomyia, a Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, agente etiológico da Leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA), é uma zoonose, que impõe como principal característica patogênica uma infecção que varia de casos benignos, apresentando-se como lesão localizada, a casos que chegam a atingir tecidos mais profundos. O tratamento para essa doença é altamente tóxico, provocando diversos efeitos colaterais. Com base nesse fato, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o bioterápico (realizado com formas infectantes da Leishmania) como um tratamento alternativo para a Leishmaniose. Camundongos machos Mus musculus foram previamente infectados com a Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis e depois tratados por três meses. Nos primeiros 30 dias de tratamento houve uma redução no diâmetro das lesões; no final, observou-se uma agravação dessas lesões, mas quando se comparou o grupo tratado com o controle negativo, as lesões estavam significantemente menores, mostrando um efeito terapêutico do bioterápico.
