ABSTRACT
Sarcomas often occur in patients' extremities and treatment typically involves bone resection/limb salvage surgery. Such treatments leave survivors with physical disfigurements, functional disabilities, and/or emotional traumas. Our post-surgery psychological intervention investigated how these experiences impinge on sarcoma survivors' lives. Twenty-three survivors aged 19-60 years (M = 36 years) participated in a tri-disciplinary (rehabilitative exercise, plastic surgery and psychological) intervention. Of these, 17 participated in psychodynamic counselling, 10 completed a mental-health questionnaire and seven kept a reflective journal. An exemplar case study research design was employed and data were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. The findings reveal that survivors typically experience a number of body image issues and mobility difficulties, which they are reluctant to share with their oncologist in case they are viewed as being ungrateful or vain. In instances where such issues remain unaddressed, then sarcoma survivors have a tendency to adopt avoidant coping strategies and social isolation practices. These practices negatively impact on their mental health and functional quality of life. Hence, it is suggested that a short three part (body image, mobility, and coping strategy) screen be devised and used at all sarcoma 2-year follow-up assessment consults to identify which survivors are in need of psychological assistance.
Subject(s)
Activities of Daily Living , Body Image/psychology , Bone Neoplasms/surgery , Cancer Survivors/psychology , Giant Cell Tumor of Bone/surgery , Mobility Limitation , Quality of Life , Sarcoma/surgery , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Bone Neoplasms/physiopathology , Bone Neoplasms/psychology , Chondrosarcoma/physiopathology , Chondrosarcoma/psychology , Chondrosarcoma/surgery , Extremities/surgery , Female , Giant Cell Tumor of Bone/physiopathology , Giant Cell Tumor of Bone/psychology , Humans , Limb Salvage , Male , Mental Health , Middle Aged , Qualitative Research , Sarcoma/physiopathology , Sarcoma/psychology , Sarcoma, Ewing/physiopathology , Sarcoma, Ewing/psychology , Sarcoma, Ewing/surgery , Social Isolation/psychology , Western Australia , Young AdultABSTRACT
This review evaluates the efficacy of using physical exercise interventions on improving cognitive functions in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review includes a meta-analysis based on a random-effects model of data reported in 22 studies with 579 participants aged 3-25 year old. The results revealed an overall small to medium effect of exercise on cognition, supporting the efficacy of exercise interventions in enhancing certain aspects of cognitive performance in individuals with ASD and/or ADHD. Specifically, similar to the general population literature, the cognitive benefits of exercise are not consistent across all aspects of cognitive functions (i.e., some areas are not improved). The clinical significance of the reported effect sizes is also considered.
