Unveiling the Silent Ductus: A Classical Presentation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in an Asymptomatic 23-Year-Old Male.

The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) refers to the persistence of a connection between the descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery and the pulmonary trunk beyond fetal life. Adult congenital heart disease is a rare condition, with asymptomatic cases being particularly uncommon. The following report presents the case of a young adult male, aged 23, who was discovered to possess a patent ductus arteriosus in an incidental manner. The patient presented with an acute chest complaint and was found to be asymptomatic upon examination at the hospital. Based on the preliminary medical information provided, a tentative diagnosis of a ventricular septal defect was established. However, a comprehensive echocardiographic examination revealed the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Occupational exposure to photocopiers and their toners cause genotoxicity.

Photocopier machines are inevitable office equipment, but they are also sources of air pollution. Millions of people across the world are involved in the operation and maintenance of photocopiers. We aimed to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of exposure to photocopiers in photocopier operators and maintenance personnel by Comet assay. This study involved 50 photocopier operators, 61 maintenance personnel and 52 controls. Both the photocopier exposed groups exhibited significantly increased DNA damage when compared to controls. Cumulative exposure to photocopiers was the most significant contributor for genotoxicity ( p < 0.001). Genotoxicity among photocopier maintenance personnel may be due to the presence of carbon black, iron, silicon, magnetite and the high levels of other elements in the photocopier toners. Genotoxicity among photocopier operators might be due to exposure to high levels of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds emitted by photocopiers during operation. Research is essential to improve toner manufacturing processes and chemical composition of toners to reduce genotoxicity. Clean technologies are the need of the day to cut down on particulate matter and volatile organic compound emissions from photocopiers.

Attenuation of Carcinogenesis and the Mechanism Underlying by the Influence of Indole-3-carbinol and Its Metabolite 3,3'-Diindolylmethane: A Therapeutic Marvel.

Rising evidence provides credible support towards the potential role of bioactive products derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, kale, cabbage, brussels sprouts, turnips, kohlrabi, bok choy, and radishes. Many epidemiological studies point out that Brassica vegetable protects humans against cancer since they are rich sources of glucosinolates in addition to possessing a high content of flavonoids, vitamins, and mineral nutrients. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) belongs to the class of compounds called indole glucosinolate, obtained from cruciferous vegetables, and is well-known for tits anticancer properties. In particular, I3C and its dimeric product, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), have been generally investigated for their value against a number of human cancers in vitro as well as in vivo. This paper reviews an in-depth study of the anticancer activity and the miscellaneous mechanisms underlying the anticarcinogenicity thereby broadening its therapeutic marvel.

Numerical simulation of bubble transport in a bifurcating microchannel: a preliminary study.

In this paper, we present the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of bubble transport in a first generation bifurcating microchannel. In the present study, the human arteriole is modeled as a two-dimensional (2D) rectangular bifurcating microchannel. The microchannel is filled with blood and a single perfluorocarbon (PFC) bubble is introduced in the parent channel. The simulations are carried out to identify the lodging and dislodging pressures for two nondimensional bubble sizes, L(d) (ratio of the dimensional bubble length to the parent tube diameter), that is for L(d) = 1 and L(d) = 2. Subsequently, the bubble transport and splitting behavior due to the presence of symmetry and asymmetry in the daughter channels of the microchannel is studied for these bubble sizes. The splitting behavior of the bubble under the effect of gravity is also assessed and reported here. For the symmetric bifurcation model, the splitting ratio (SR) (ratio of bubble volume in bottom daughter channel to bubble volume in top daughter channel), of the bubble was found to be 1. For the asymmetric model, the splitting ratio was found to be less than 1. The loss in the bubble volume in the asymmetric model was attributed to surface tension effects and the resistance offered by the flow, which led to the bubble sticking and sliding along the walls of the channel. With the increase in roll angle, Φ (angle which the plane makes with the horizontal to study the effects of gravity), there was a decline in the splitting ratio.