ABSTRACT
The extra reflection conditions as given in Volume A of International Tables for Crystallography may not be rigorously fulfilled if the thermal vibrations and positional or static disorder of the atoms are not isotropic. Although small in most cases, the intensities of reflections violating the extra reflection conditions can become measurable for large thermal and positional anisotropy. It would be useful to have an inventory of these `pseudo extra reflection conditions' for all space groups in the early stage of structure investigation. The subject is demonstrated with the aid of four significant examples and the possibility of predicting without calculation the status of the largest part of the extra reflection conditions is discussed.
ABSTRACT
The quality of surface coating of magnetic nanoparticles destined as nanoprobes in clinical applications is of utmost significance for their colloidal stability and biocompatibility. A novel approach for the fabrication of such a coating involves the synthesis of well-defined diblock copolymers based on 2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate (chelating) and poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (water-soluble, thermoresponsive), prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Fabrication of magneto-responsive micelles was accomplished via chemical coprecipitation of Fe(III)/Fe(II) in the presence of diblock copolymers. Further to the characterization of micellar morphologies, optical and thermal properties, assessment of magnetic characteristics disclosed superparamagnetic behavior. The hybrid micelles did not compromise cell viability in cultures, while in vitro uptake by macrophage cells was significantly lower in comparison to that of the clinically applicable contrast agent Resovist, suggesting that these systems can evade rapid uptake by the reticuloendothelial system and be useful agents for in vivo applications.
