ABSTRACT
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a relatively new method of non-invasive therapy of mental and neurological diseases that has great potential of therapeutic and diagnostic application. In schizophrenia, TMS may exert a positive effect on cognitive deficit. However this issue remains open. The authors analyze recent studies focused on the dynamics of neurocognitive deficit in TMS therapy and consider clinical effects of TMS in schizophrenia. The analysis has shown that TMS is successfully implemented in treatment of auditory positive symptoms and studies on its effect on negative symptoms of schizophrenia are perspective. Procognitive effect was found in working memory domain, and partially in perception domain within the perception of faces and facial expressions. The data on regulative functions, attention, speech, and nondeclarative memory remains controversial. It has been concluded that further research is needed to clarify the place of TMS in schizophrenia therapy.
Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders , Schizophrenia , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Cognition Disorders/therapy , Humans , Memory, Short-Term , Schizophrenia/complications , Schizophrenia/therapyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To estimate the diagnostic possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and three-dimensional multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in patients with clinical suspicion of prostate carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 36 patients suspected to have prostate carcinoma underwent MRI with dynamic contrast enhanced study and MRS at 1.5T MRI unit using a pelvic phased array coil. MRI and MRS results were correlated with pathohystological findings after radical prostatectomy and standard biopsy with 12 or 24 cores or guided biopsy. RESULTS: Out of 44 detected prostate carcinomas, 38 (86.36%) demonstrated low T2W signal intensity while pathognomonic contrast enhancement has been detected in 40 (91%) carcinomas. MRS showed (Cho+Cr)/Ci ratio mean value of 3.52 in carcinoma, and 0.14 in normal prostatic tissue (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: MR techniques, both nonenhanced and contrast enhanced when combined with MRS can provide reliable diagnostic results in the evaluation of prostate carcinoma even by use of pelvic phased array coil at 1.5T unit.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The changes of peculiarities thymocytes membranes after the UV actions on the suspension cells were investigated. The POL intensivity; content the carotene, vitamins A,E and its metabolites were determined. The state of membrane lipids and proteins was observed by fluorescent zondes. After 15 min of UV action form of the humoral activity products of POL was increased; the redox system of vitamin E was mobilized; the membranes proteins was opened; the neutral lipid fraction in membranes was decreased, and its polarity was increased. After 25 min of UV action was observed: the stimulation of the first and second steps of POL; decreased of AO activity; more opened of membranes proteins; more increased of polarity lipids and reform of lipofility of membranes. This changes lay in the base of activity and passivity of thymocytes by UV.
