Xenon-Induced Effects in Relieving Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

The effects of inhalations of an oxygen-xenon (70%/30%) mixture were studied in two models of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by intratracheal administration of 0.5 mg/kg LPS or 0.04 ml acidin-pepsin (pH 1.2). Inhalation of the oxygen-xenon mixture inhibited the development and reduced the intensity of the inflammatory process in the lung tissue, which was assessed by the dynamics of lung weight and body weight of animals: the therapeutic exposure decreased both parameters. It was found that the thrombogenic stimulus, pathognomonic for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, decreased under the effect of oxygen-xenon inhalations, while the level of natural anticoagulant antithrombin III increased.

The effect of the stratopause on the structure of the infrasound signal from the August 4, 2020, Beirut explosion.

The influence of wind velocity and temperature stratification in the upper stratosphere on the waveform of the infrasound signal received at a distance of 2398 km from the epicenter of the powerful explosion in Beirut that occurred on August 4, 2020 is studied using ray trace and pseudo-differential parabolic equation (PDPE) methods. Given a high temporal variability of the wind velocity in the stratopause predicted by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model, it is assumed that within the stratopause layer, the increase in effective sound speed with increasing height is very small, on the order of 1 m/s. When modeling propagation of the signal from the explosion, the presence of a fine-scale layered structure of wind velocity and temperature in the real atmosphere was also taken into account. Accounting for the scattering of infrasound by strongly anisotropic (layered) inhomogeneities of the effective sound speed allowed us to explain the appearance of "fast" stratospheric arrivals, their time durations, the time period between successive arrivals (about 110 s), and the waveform of the entire observed signal.

Joint Task Force Core Competency Framework Adoption Process at a National Level: A Survey of Ukrainian-Based Clinical Research Professionals.

BACKGROUND: The need to define core competencies for clinical research professionals has been widely recognized. And after the Joint Task Force have proposed Core Competency Framework in 2014 (Sonstein et al. in JAMA 28(3):17-23, 2014), it has been tested and implemented by a variety of researchers and practitioners worldwide, while Ukraine avoided implementing this until recently. METHODS: We surveyed Ukrainian-based clinical research practitioners on their self-assessment in the competency domains proposed by Sonstein et al. (JAMA 28(3):17-23, 2014), tested their GCP knowledge, assessed their level and means of education, and the need to broaden the range of educational tools to reach the standards suggested by the Core Competency Framework. RESULTS: We identified competence issues in four competence domains: Medicines Development and Regulation, Data Management and Informatics, Scientific Concepts and Research Design, and Study and Site Management. Our study also determined that short-term GCP trainings, attended by most of Ukrainian-based clinical research professionals, are insufficient to provide thorough competence in all domains. CONCLUSIONS: The identified knowledge gaps provide evidence for the need to broaden the range of educational tools for Ukrainian-based clinical research professionals; we suggest launching long-term academic program with its curriculum based on the Core Competence Framework.

Differences in Characteristics of T-Cell Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Clinically Healthy Subjects.

We studied the differences in the characteristics of T-cell immunity in clinically healthy volunteers of three groups: "no previous COVID-19, not vaccinated", "recovered", and "vaccinated" as well as the relationship between the presence of IFNγ-releasing T cells in response to stimulation with peptide pools overlapping the main S, N, M, ORF3, and ORF7 protein sequences and the presence of IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. In the "no previous COVID-19, non-vaccinated" group, T cells specific to both S protein and other virus proteins were absent in 95% subjects. In the "recovered from COVID-19" group, T cells specific to the spike protein were present in samples from 39% subjects. In the same group, T-cell immunity to other viral proteins was present in 58% subjects. In vaccinated subjects, specific T cells responding to stimulation with S protein peptides were found in 47% cases and Т cells specific to N, M, ORF3, ORF7 proteins were detected in only 22% subjects.

N-Acetylglucosamine is the most effective glucosamine derivative for the treatment of membranous nephropathy in rats.

Nephroprotective drug development for optimizing treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important task of pharmaceutical science. Our study evaluated nephroprotective properties of the two glucosamine derivatives N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine hydrochloride in a 3-week-long parenteral and oral daily administration at doses of 50 mg/kg in rats with doxorubicin nephropathy. Nephroprotective activity (NA) was evaluated by determining the functional state of the kidneys, the level of azotemia and the activity of free-radical processes in the renal tissue. The results show a significant increase in renal excretory function, normalization of nitrogen metabolism and a decline of free-radical processes under the influence of both studied amino sugars in rats with doxorubicin nephropathy. I. m. route of administration yielded the highest efficacy for both amino sugars with the highest level of NA (83.3%) shown by N-acetylglucosamine. Thus N-acetylglucosamine in i. m. injections has the highest NA among the glucosamine derivatives, and is a promising agent for CKD treatment.

Comparative Evaluation of ß-Catenin and E-Cadherin Expression in Liquid Aspiration Biopsy Specimens of Thyroid Nodules.

We compared the results of gene molecular and immunocytochemical studies of ß-catenin and E-cadherin in different variants of nodular thyroid disease (nodular colloid goiter, follicular thyroid adenocarcinoma, papillary thyroid cancer) and revealed changes of the function of the E-cadherin/ß-catenin complex leading to switching from adhesion function of ß-catenin in nodular colloid goiter to predominantly transcriptional activity in papillary carcinoma. The results confirm the important role of disturbances in E-cadherin-ß-catenin interactions in the mechanisms of malignant transformation of follicular epithelium.

Diclocor is superior to diclofenac sodium and quercetin in normalizing biochemical parameters in rats with collagen-induced osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of Diclocor in the setting of collagen-induced osteoarthritis in rats in comparison with its active monocomponents-diclofenac sodium and quercetin. METHODS: The study was conducted on the model of collagen-induced osteoarthritis and included measurement of sialic acids, glycoproteins, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, thromboxane B2, and leukotriene B4. Lastly, morphologic study with morphometry was also performed. RESULTS: Diclocor is superior to quercetin and diclofenac sodium by the degree of pharmacological effect on some of the studied parameters. The differences between the values were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Diclocor is a promising corrector of inflammatory and destructive joint diseases. Owing to the presence of both diclofenac sodium and quercetin in its composition, Diclocor exhibits a complex mechanism of anti-inflammatory action affecting cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase ways of arachidonic acid biotransformation.

[PHYSIOLOGICAL TREMOR INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY DYNAMICS UNDER VARIOUS EMOTIONALY LOADED STIMULATION].

Emotionally evoked physiological tremor dynamics was investigated on varying stimulus efficiency. Experimental protocol includes randomized presentation of four variant visual stimuli, one of the followed - subject's second name, random shuffled letters of second name, graphic representation of simple arithmetic expression with correct or incorrect answer. The physiological tremor acquisition was implemented by 3-axial digital accelerometers, fixed on external side of index fingers. The data analysis explained unconscious psychomotor activity dynamics under emotional status transitions. Evoked reactions specificity gives an opportunity to suppose stimulus-dependent lateralization of unconscious motor responses. Valid differences of the right hand psychomotor reactions were achieved for the most emotionally loaded stimulus - second name.

[STATE OF HEPATIC HEMODYNAMICS IN TRANSPLANTATION OF ITS RIGHT PART WITH MEDIAN HEPATIC VEIN].

Peculiarities of regional hemodynamics in transplantation of right hepatic part with median hepatic vein were studied. The blood flow parameters ­ the volume portal blood flow (VPBF), linear speed of blood flow (LSBF), the resistance index (RI) in hepatic artery; phasic structure of the blood flow along hepatic veins were determined in 31 patients in accordance to ultrasonographic flowmetry data. Maximal value of VPBF was observed on a second postoperative day, minimal one ­on the fourth day. Аrterial blood flow have had enhanced immediately after transplantation up to maximal one on the second day, and from second to the fourth day ­ have had reduced to minimal one. Phasic structure of blood flow along hepatic vein have had changed postoperatively in 12 (38%) patients. Changes in the hepatosplanchnic blood flow after transplantation constitutes a consequence of the vascular resistance reduction, the venous outflow and regenerative activity of the transplanted hepatic part improvement.

Modeling propagation of infrasound signals observed by a dense seismic network.

The long-range propagation of infrasound from a surface explosion with an explosive yield of about 17.6 t TNT that occurred on June 16, 2008 at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) in the western United States is simulated using an atmospheric model that includes fine-scale layered structure of the wind velocity and temperature fields. Synthetic signal parameters (waveforms, amplitudes, and travel times) are calculated using parabolic equation and ray-tracing methods for a number of ranges between 100 and 800 km from the source. The simulation shows the evolution of several branches of stratospheric and thermospheric signals with increasing range from the source. Infrasound signals calculated using a G2S (ground-to-space) atmospheric model perturbed by small-scale layered wind velocity and temperature fluctuations are shown to agree well with recordings made by the dense High Lava Plains seismic network located at an azimuth of 300° from UTTR. The waveforms of calculated infrasound arrivals are compared with those of seismic recordings. This study illustrates the utility of dense seismic networks for mapping an infrasound field with high spatial resolution. The parabolic equation calculations capture both the effect of scattering of infrasound into geometric acoustic shadow zones and significant temporal broadening of the arrivals.

[Experience of continuous educational process in training of doctors specializing in reflexotherapy].

Highlights the experience of the Department of Neurology and Reflexology to organize continuous education process in preparing doctors with specialization reflexology.

[A role of additional methods of examination in neurological diagnostics].

The current work covers the question of the additional methods of examination in neurology. The special accent is put on electroneuromyography (ENMG). The actuality and importance of knowledge of ENMG basic principles for the neurologists are shown. Neurophysiological substantiation of ENMG, its diagnostic value, indications and contra-indication to realization are presented.

[Acid-base status dynamics in patients after cesarean section with different types of infusion therapy].

The objective of the research was to estimate Cesarean section results during different types of infusion therapy. The article represents results of the simple blind perspective cohort randomized research which has been carried out in 54 women after planned Cesarean section. It is revealed that use of unbalanced solutions in infusion therapy causes statistically significant changes in acid-base balance status in comparison with control group receiving balanced ones.

[Frequency of 5382insC mutation of the BRCA1 gene].

The paper assesses c5266dupC (5382insC) mutation incidence among breast cancer patients, residents of the Republic of Bashkorstan and Tyumen Region. It appeared as high as 4%.

[Abdominoplasty during operations for ventral hernias].

Anatomic cadavers studies have shown the necessity of one-stage abdominoplasty during herniotomy for ventral hernias. An original method of hernioplasty was developed. It is demonstrated that abdominoplasty in all the cases reduces tension of tissues with maximal effect in defects of the anterior abdominal wall from 32 to 150 cm(2) and subcutaneous fat thickness more than 3 cm.

A method for cellular stimulation of thyroid transplant for correction of thyroid system function.

The efficiency of autotransplantation of the thyroid tissue into the greater omentum was demonstrated in experiments on rats. High viability of the transplant and restoration of the hormonal thyroid activity were attained after a single injection of the cell suspension of autologous adherent bone marrow cells directly into the transplant.

Dynamics of functioning of thyroid gland transplant under conditions of stimulation with autologous adherent bone marrow cells.

The efficiency of thyroid tissue autotransplantation was studied in 150 male Wistar rats for 3 months. Comparative analysis of functional competence of the thyroid tissue transplanted into the great omentum showed restoration of the thyroid hormonal activity in animals receiving cell suspension of autologous adherent bone marrow cells.

Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability during helium pneumoperitoneum: The mechanism of increased cardiac sympathetic activity and its clinical significance.

BACKGROUND: Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum (PP) is known to induce increased cardiac sympathetic expression. The role of the insufflated gas involved in this mechanism should be elucidated in an attempt to eliminate its possible serious consequences. METHODS: Twenty-five patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were prospectively analyzed for cardiac autonomic nervous activity by spectral heart rate variability. In 15 patients, helium was used as CO(2) substitution for abdominal insufflation (study group). Four frequency bands of interest were obtained from the power spectrum of R-R intervals, as well as the ratio between the low and high frequency (LF/HF), using the fast Fourier transformation algorithm to characterize the synergy of both autonomic branches during PP. RESULTS: Significantly increased values of the power spectrum related to the LF and VLF bands (from 130 to 377 msec(2)/Hz and from 145 to 516 msec(2)/Hz, respectively) were inspected during CO(2) PP, as well as increased LF/LH ratio (2.1). Using helium as CO(2) substitution has eliminated the significant changes in the power spectrum that reflect increased cardiac sympathetic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The elimination of sympathetic predominance by helium PP indicates the central role of CO(2) in establishing this phenomena. Considering this information and its other known advantages, helium should be considered for use during prolonged laparoscopic procedures for high-risk patients.