[Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. Clinical case of large fontanel tumor and literature review]. / Melanoticheskaya neiroektodermal'naya opukhol' mladentsev. Klinicheskii sluchai opukholi v oblasti bol'shogo rodnichka i obzor literatury.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a neonatal tumor with progressive growth and high recurrence rate. Aggressive growth and localization of tumor often lead to significant cosmetic defects of cranial and facial bones. The authors report MNTI in a 6-month-old boy with lesion of the large fontanel. Total resection was followed by recurrence after 3 weeks. Repeated resection with subsequent radiotherapy was performed. The follow-up period was 6 months after repeated resection. There was no tumor growth throughout this period. Considering this case and world experience, we can conclude that treatment strategy for MNTI is still unclear.

[Depressed skull fractures in newborns. Case report of ping-pong fracture and literature review]. / Vdavlennye perelomy svoda cherepa u novorozhdennykh. Klinicheskii sluchai tipa «ping-pong¼ i obzor literatury.

Depressed skull fractures (ping-pong) in the fetus and newborn are associated with birth canal pathology, maternal trauma and birth trauma following instrumental delivery. The authors report a newborn with a depressed skull fracture (ping-pong) who underwent minimally invasive neurosurgical lifting of bone fragment through a burr hole. Strategy and methods of treatment of similar depressed skull fractures were comprehensively discussed. Moreover, the authors proposed a brief algorithm for the use of vacuum systems and various surgical techniques, including follow-up depending on type, cause, size of the fracture and concomitant intracranial lesions.

Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter NaPi2b as a potential predictive marker for targeted therapy of ovarian cancer.

The high mortality rate from ovarian cancer is due to the asymptomatic nature of the course of the disease, which leads to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in later stages. The sodium-dependent phosphate transporter NaPi2b encoded by SLC34A2 gene is expressed in 80-90% of epithelial ovarian cancers and used as a target for therapeutic antibodies XMT-1536, and XMT-1592, which are derived from MX35 antibodies and used in clinical trials for the treatment of ovarian and lung cancers. In this work, we aimed to evaluate NaPi2b as a molecular marker for diagnostics and predicting the course and outcome of ovarian cancer disease. Quantitative analysis of SLC34A2 gene expression in ovarian tumor tissue was performed at the level of transcription and translation using real-time PCR, droplet digital PCR and Western blot analysis respectively. Statistical analysis was performed taking into account various clinicopathological characteristics of the ovarian cancer patients, including the stage of the disease, the tumor grade, the applying of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the presence of ascites. In this work, we demonstrated that the expression of the human NaPi2b (hNaPi2b) transporter is downregulated in the tumors of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy and during the development of disease. The data suggest that the level of expression of the SLC34A2 gene can serve as a potential marker for the monitoring and predicting responses to neoadjuvant and targeted therapy in patients with ovarian cancer.

[Influence of resection quality on postoperative outcomes in children with atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system]. / Vliyanie radikal'nosti operativnogo vmeshatel'stva na rezul'taty lecheniya atipichnoi teratoidno-rabdoidnoi opukholi tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy u detei.

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of resection quality on overall survival and disease-free survival in children with atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumors (ATRT). The study included children younger than 18 years old for the period from 2008 to 2019. There were 134 interventions in 105 patients with ATRT including 11 redo resections («second-look¼ surgery) and 18 procedures for tumor recurrence. Age of patients ranged from 2 to 168 months (median 21 months). Patients with supratentorial tumors prevailed (50.5%), infratentorial neoplasms were diagnosed in 45.7% of patients, spinal cord lesion - 3.8% of cases. At the first stage, all patients underwent surgical treatment. Total resection was achieved in 34 (32.4%) patients, subtotal - 37 (35.2%) patients, partial resection - 30 (28.6%) patients. Biopsy was performed in 4 (3.8%) patients. Quality of resection and age at surgery significantly influenced overall and disease-free survival. Extended resection of tumor followed by adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy are required to improve survival although ATRTs are high-grade neoplasms with poor prognosis.

[Effects of ammonium concentration on Cs-137 fixation rate in soil suspensions]. / Vliianie kontsentratsii ammoniia na skorost' fiksatsii 137Cs v suspenziiakh pochv.

Collapse of interlayer spaces of soil clay minerals can by caused by ammonium cation in concentrations as low as 10(-3) mol/l. The collapse leads to substantial decrease in the soil ability to fix 137Cs. This effect is reversible and the soil fixation ability recovers after the ammonium concentration decrease.

[Method of assessment of 137Cs biological availability in forest soil]. / Metod otsenki biologicheskoi dostupnosti 137Cs v lesnykh pochvakh.

A method for quantitative assessment of 137Cs availability to plants in forest ecosystems on the basis of soil properties has been developed. It is shown that the experimental dependencies of 137Cs soil-to-plant transfer factor (TFag) for fern and bilberry on the bioavailability factor calculated on the basis of soil characteristics of root layer: 137Cs exchangeability, exchangeable Ca, effective selectivity coefficient, were satisfactory described by linear function. The advantage of the proposed method is that the necessary soil characteristics can be taken from the reference literature, evaluated using empirical correlations or determined with standard agrochemical procedures.

Model testing using Chernobyl data: I. Wash-off of 90Sr and 137Cs from two experimental plots established in the vicinity of the Chernobyl reactor.

The "Wash-off" scenario is designed to test models concerned with the movement of trace contaminants from terrestrial sources to bodies of water, specifically the contamination of surface water by wash-off of radionuclides initially deposited onto soils. Particular emphasis is placed on chemical speciation and on the geochemical and geophysical processes affecting transfer of contaminants from soil to water. The scenario gives descriptions of two experimental plots near the Chernobyl power plant, one using heavy rain and one using snow melt, together with characteristics of the initial aerial deposition of the radionuclides and data on topography, soil type and characteristics, and time-varying precipitation. Predictions are requested for (1) the vertical distribution of concentrations of exchangeable and nonexchangeable forms of 137Cs and 90Sr in the soil of the experimental plots, (2) concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr in runoff water from the experimental plots, and (3) total amounts of 137Cs and 90Sr removed by runoff from the experimental plots. Test data (field measurements) are available for all endpoints.

Behaviour of long-lived Chernobyl radionuclides in a soil-water system.

Field and laboratory experiments have been used to study the behaviour of long-lived radionuclides in the zone affected by the Chernobyl accident. Speciation of 90Sr and 137Cs in soils and bottom sediments was determined. The principal distinction of the Chernobyl fallout was that it contained a relatively small proportion of exchangeable forms because a considerable fraction of the radionuclides was incorporated as part of the insoluble fuel particles. Disintegration of fuel particles in soils and bottom sediments results in transition of non-exchangeable forms into exchangeable forms. Radionuclide species have different pathways and rates of migration in soils and bottom sediments. Migration of each chemical form was described by a convective-dispersive equation taking into account transformation processes of radionuclide species in soils or bottom sediments. Adsorption of 90Sr and 137Cs in the environment is controlled by the cation-exchange capacity and the selectivity of the solid phase (i.e., soil, bottom sediments and suspended matter) and the cationic composition of the liquid phase (i.e., soil solution, surface run-off and river or lake water). The corresponding parameters for the processes were obtained.

[Social hygiene aspects of abortion in Odessa]. / Sotsial'no-gigienicheskie aspekty aborta v Odesse.

PIP: The birth rate is a major concern in contemporary society today. Socialist countries having the material wherewithal and cultural wealth to maintain their populations have a genuine interest in population growth and maternity is therefore encouraged. The decision to have children lies with each individual family and does not involve society directly, except for the significant number of women who regulate their family size by having an abortion. In connection with the severity of such an intervention, a study of social and hygienic aspects of induced abortion was conducted in Odessa. The information was gathered anonymously among women who came to the gynecological department of a city hospital. 6.1% of the women were under age 20 and this figure may increase in the future. In the U.S. that figure already constitutes 1/3 of all abortions. 47.5% said they had had 3 previous abortions. 13.4% had no children, and 48.8% had 1 child. None of the women with no children thought of that as being the ideal. As reason for the abortion 31.7% gave irregular housing and living conditions, 12.2% unsatisfactory material well-being, 17.1% health reasons, 7.3% enough children already in the family, and 7.3% sickness of children and husband. In 24.4% of cases the husband was indifferent, and in 35.4% insisted on, and in 40.1% was against the woman having an abortion. 60% were thus probably poorly informed about the harmfulness of the operation. 39% of women did not use any contraception. Only 20% had received any information regarding contraceptives. Only 1/3 of obstetricians regularly instruct their patients about the use of contraceptives. Half of the nurses do not touch upon the subject due to lack of time and since instruction in birth control methods is not considered obligatory. Nevertheless it is important for women's health that during clinical examinations risk factors of abortion and the purposefulness of contraception are pointed out.^ieng