[Prevalence and intensity of smoking among the patients with ischemic heart disease of older age living in the Far North.]

The article presents an analysis of the prevalence, intensity and correlation of smoking with other risk factors of ischemic heart disease among patients with chronic ischemic heart disease aged 60 years and older living in the Far North on the basis of ethnicity, age and sex. Smoking dependence on age was traced in patients of non-indigenous ethnicity. There was a lower prevalence of smoking among women, as opposed to men and among long-livers in comparison with the elderly and senile age. High intensity and length of smoking were revealed in both ethnic groups of men patients. The average smoking experience of smokers at the time of the survey was more than 50 years, and of former smokers - more than 30 years. The quantity of more than 25 packs per year was established as a high smoking index for both ethnic groups. The high smoking index is 1,5 times more common in patients of non-indigenous ethnicity compared to Yakut group. The highest smoking index was recorded in the group of patients under 75 years. The higher the smoking index is in smoking non-indigenous group, the lower is the cholesterol level of HDL regardless of the place of birth and the length of residence in the Far North. The analysis has revealed the correlation of smoking with other risk factors: blood lipids, arterial pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity (AO) and the dependence of the suffered myocardial infarction from the smoking experience and the value of smoking index. Smoking cessation leads to a decrease in blood pressure, BMI, and promotes HDL cholesterol.

[Metabolic risk factors in patients 60 years and older with arterial hypertension, living in extreme conditions of the Far North].

To evaluate the criteria of metabolic syndrome (MS) in elderly, 505 men aged 60-99 years, with hypertension, indigenous and non-indigenous ethnic group living in the extreme conditions of the Far North were studied. The analysis of anthropometric parameters revealed that height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, the ratio of waist to hip size, waist to growth were significantly lower in the elderly and senile Yakuts compared with those of non-indigenous ethnicity (p<0,001). Ethnic differences were found in SBP and DBP levels (p<0,001). The obtained results suggest that in elderly, old age patients and centenarians living in the Far North, almost all analyzed parameters of the metabolic syndrome were significantly correlated with abdominal obesity (p<0,001).

[The connection of polymorphism I/D of the gene angiotensin-converting ferment and D442G gene of protein-carrier of cholesterol ethers with atherosclerosis risk factors in patients of elderly and senile age with coronary heart disease in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia)].

The authors analyse allocation of genotypes frequencies of polymorphism I/D of the gene of angiotensin-converting ferment (ASYA) and D442G gene of protein-transmitting agent of cholesterol ethers (CETP) in patients of elderly, senile age and long-livers with coronary heart disease taking into account their nationality, age and sex. With the age, the frequency reduction of occurrence of genotype ACE*I/*I has been observed and there is a tendency to increase of genotype frequency ACE*D/*D. Sexual distinctions in frequency of revealing of homozygous genotype ACE*D/*D have been revealed at the relative analysis of genotypes ACE*D/*D and ACE*D/*I. The carriers of genotype ACE*D/*D significantly more are males than females. In the general group (especially in the group of Yakuts), the carriers of genotype ACE*I/*I have demonstrated significantly more often the hypertrophy of myocardium of the left ventricle, which is accurately reflected with the help of ECG sign of Sokolov-Lion. While studying the polymorphism D442G of the gene CETP, the carriers of genotype CETP:D*/*G are significantly more often met among Yakuts, than non-indigenous population. The comparison of genotypes frequencies I/D-polymorphism of the gene ACE have showed reliable distinctions of BBI, indexes of blood lipids. The comparison of genotypes CETP*D/*D, CETP*D/*G has not yielded authentic connection with risk factors of coronary heart disease.

[Survival rate of the geriatric patients of native and non-native nationality with ischemic heart disease in Sakha Republic (Yakutia): analysis of 5-year catamnesis observation].

222 geriatric patients of native and non-native nationality with ischemic heart disease were supervised during 5 years. The analysis of survival rate (causes of death) has shown that 46.4% of patients (n = 103) died within this period of supervision. Results of the research show that the patients of senile age survived after myocardial infarction with Q wave and a high functional class of stable angina pectoris die authentically more often. Better survive rate demonstrate the patients with a smaller stage of heart failure; a tendency of more life expectancies at people who never smoked or have given up smoking has been also established. Besides these risk factors leading to the fatal complications, remodeling of left ventricle myocardium has the essential value. ECG -criteria often testified to presence in the patient the left ventricle hypertrophy: Sokolov-Layon and (especially often) Cornell-voltage Index. Speaking of accompanying diseases, cancer and brain catastrophe are the most frequent causes of death of the geriatric patients.

[Ethnic features of the risk factors of development the atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease at the geriatric contingent of Sakha Republic (Yakutia)].

The study assessed the ethnic, age, gender distinctions on risk factors between elderly, senile age and long-livers male and female of native and non-indigenous nationalities with ischemic heart disease. 354 patients aged from 60 till 106 years comparable on age and gender data were included in the research. There were 2 basic groups considering the ethnic accessory (native and non-indigenous citizens); 3 groups considering the age characteristics (elderly, senile age and long-livers); gender groups -male and female. As a result of study the ethnic, age, gender differences were revealed on the primary risk factors such as arterial hypertension, blood lipids, body mass index, smoking and left ventricular hypertrophy.

[The estimation of risk factors of the atherosclerosis in persons over 60 years of autochthonal and non-indigenous nationalities with the ischemic heart disease old living in the far north].

The study assessed the ethnic, age, gender distinctions on risk factors between elderly, senile age and long-livers male and female of autochthonal and non-indigenous nationalities with ischemic heart disease. 354 patients aged from 60 till 106 years comparable on age and gender data, had been included in research. There were 2 basic groups considering the ethnic implement (autochthonal and nonindigenous citizens); 3 groups considering the age characteristics (elderly, senile age and long-livers); gender groups - male and female. As a result of study the ethnic, age, gender differences were revealed on the primary risk factors such as arterial hypertension, blood lipids, body mass index, smoking and left ventricular hypertrophy.

[Features of the lipid profile of indigenous and non-indigenous population of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) of the senior age groups with coronary heart disease].

351 patients of the senior age groups (elderly, senile age and long-livers) of indigenous and nonindigenous population with coronary heart disease were investigated. Atherogenous and antiath-erogenous levels of blood lipids in representatives of non-indigenous population were authentically higher in comparison with indigenous one. Body weight index in long-livers is authentically more low 23.34 +/- 2.05 (p < 0.001), and levels of high density lipoproteins, as well as low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, triacylglycerol in relation to elderly and to persons of senile age are higher. Women demonstrated authentically higher body weight index--26.63 +/- 3.96 (p < 0.05), higher level of cholesterol--5.32 +/- 1.07 mmol/I (p < 0.001), low density lipoproteins--3.76 +/- 1.04 mmol/l (p < 0.001), high density lipoproteins--0.98 +/- 0.33 mmol/l (p < 0.05), and also very low density lipoproteins, triacylglycerol, atherogenic index are higher. Ethnic, gender, age distinctions, levels of blood lipids at patients with coronary heart disease of elderly and senile age, and also the long-livers living in various regions of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) are revealed.