ABSTRACT
By means of morphometry, light and electron microscopy methods peculiarities in distribution of small, middle and large lymphocytes, as well as plasmocytes in various zones of the popliteal lymph nodes have been studied in normal and in dynamics up to one year after subcutaneous injection of BCG vaccine into the left hind paw. The antigen produces certain changes in density and morphological parameters of lymphoid cells both in the regional and in the contralateral lymph nodes. For them 3 periods are specific. During the first 3 days they are not antigen-dependent (stipulated by the stress reaction), during 7-24 days antigen-dependent processes of proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes get into action. In 3 months a new wave of the immune response is observed.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Heterophile/administration & dosage , BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage , Lymph Nodes/cytology , Lymphocytes/cytology , Animals , Antigens, Heterophile/immunology , Dogs , Knee , Leukocyte Count , Lymphocytes/immunology , Lymphocytes/ultrastructure , Male , Microscopy, ElectronABSTRACT
At the ulcerous disease certain alterations in the microcirculatory bed of all the gastric wall layers take place in the zone of the ulcer and in the areas adjoining the ulcerous focus. In the gastric wall areas, remote from the ulcer, the alterations in the microcirculatory bed are poorly manifested. The most essential deviations from the norm are defined in the mucosal tunic and in the gastric tela submucosa according to the ulcer localization. The disorders in the microcirculatory bed at the ulcerous disease affect the microarchitectonics, the wall structure and the size of the microvessel lumens and their contents. Maximal alterations are observed in capillaries and postcapillary-venular portion of the microcirculatory bed, which are manifested as a considerable dilatation of the microvessels mentioned, deformity, presence of rather great protrusions of their wall. The resistive vessels of the microcirculatory bed, at the ulcerous disease, suffer to a less extent. The morphometric data have stated certain decrease of their diameter when comparing to the norm. The adaptive apparatuses of the bloodflow regulation at the ulcerous disease are essentially altered, increasing number of the arteriolovenular anastomoses is noted in the gastric wall as compared to the norm.
Subject(s)
Stomach Ulcer/physiopathology , Stomach/blood supply , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Humans , Male , Microcirculation/anatomy & histology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The data of previous investigations on general principles of microarchitectonics of the human intraorganic gastric vessels have been checked. Peculiarities of branching and course of the stomach intraorganic vessels, arterio-venous anastomoses, twisted arterioles, sinusoid venules and veins confirm activity and variability of the organ's circulation at microcirculatory level. Certain slight differences in diameters and number of microvessels have been revealed in some anatomical parts of the serous membrane and submucous layer of the stomach. Maximal differences in vessel diameters of the microcirculatory bed and in number of capillaries per 1 mm2 have been revealed in the most active layers of the gastric wall--in muscular and mucous membranes. In the muscular membrane, large vessels and greater number of capillaries have been revealed in the area of the greater curvature and the pylorus. In the serous membrane in the pyloric area and in the area of the smaller curvature, microvessels have smaller diameters and the number of capillaries per square unit is less.