ABSTRACT
The current study evaluates the safety and tolerance of a partially hydrolyzed whey protein-based infant formula (PHF) versus an in intact cow's milk protein formula (IPF). Breastfed infants were included as a reference group. In a multi-country, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial, infants whose mothers intended to fully formula feed were randomized to PHF (n = 134) or IPF (n = 134) from ≤14 days to 17 weeks of age. The equivalence analysis of weight gain per day within margins of +/-3 g/d (primary outcome), the recorded adverse events, growth and gastro-intestinal tolerance parameters were considered for the safety evaluation. Equivalence of weight gain per day from enrolment until 17 weeks of age was demonstrated in the PHF group compared to the IPF group (difference in means -1.2 g/d; 90% CI (-2.42; 0.02)), with estimated means (SE) of 30.2 (0.5) g/d and 31.4 (0.5) g/d, respectively. No significant differences in growth outcomes, the number, severity or type of (serious) adverse events and tolerance outcomes, were observed between the two formula groups. A partially hydrolyzed whey protein-based infant formula supports adequate infant growth, with a daily weight gain equivalent to a standard intact protein-based formula; it is also safe for use and well-tolerated in healthy term infants.
Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Infant Formula , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology , Protein Hydrolysates/administration & dosage , Whey Proteins/administration & dosage , Animals , Breast Feeding , Double-Blind Method , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Milk , Milk Proteins , Safety , Weight GainABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Cardiomegaly/complications , Xanthomatosis/complications , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Hepatomegaly/complicationsABSTRACT
Cuando un diente no se forma (agenesia) se exfolia o extrae todos los tejidos y órganos dependientes del odonton desaparecen(paradencio de inserción)o se atrofian o disminuyen(paradencio o protección). En el sector de un diente extraidosea temporario o permanente despues de un tiempo desaparece el hueso alveolar y queda solo hueso genético o maxilar. De este capitulo se desprende qu elos dientes temporarios forman su propio hueso alveolar que desaparece cuando desapareceel diente. De igual manera los dientes permanentes forman también su propio hueso alveola; es decir no heredan el hueso del diente temporario como parece. Como los primeros premolares erupcionan a los nueve años práticamente se ubican en el espacio que el primer molar temporario, noteniendo apoyo distal puesto que año erupcionan el segundo premolar, antes de tomar oclusión deben ambas piezas distalizarse para dar cabida al canino permanente
