ABSTRACT
A produção excessiva de espécies reativas do oxigênio pelos polimorfonucleares está associada a dano tecidual durante inflamação. A pentoxifilina, um inibidor da fosfodiesterase, diminui a produção de citosinas pró-inflamatórias e o dano tecidual induzido pelo lipopolissacarídeo (LPS)...
Excessive production of reactive oxygen species by PMN is associated with tissue damage during inflammation. Pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, decreases proinflammatory cytokine production and tissue injury after LPS challenge...
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cytosine/analysis , Endotoxemia/therapy , Pentoxifylline/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Acute-Phase Reaction , Sepsis/prevention & control , Nitric Oxide/therapeutic useABSTRACT
A endotoxemia é acompanhada pela produção de citosinas pró-inflamatórias, radicais livres e lesão de órgãos. Os efeitos da pentoxifilina, uma metilxantina e inibidor da fosfodiesterase pentoxifilina em modelo experimental de endotoxemia, especificamente na função e arquitetura hepática. Utilizaram-se 68 ratos Sprague-Dawley divididos em três grupos tratados por via endovenosa com lipopolissacarídeo (5mg/Kg), Lipopolissacarídeo + pentoxifilina (25mg/Kg), ou solução salina (SHAM), sedo avaliados após 2, 4, e 24 horas, conforme os picos de apresentação. ALT e AST foram avaliados em necrose hepática, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatório parenquimal e sinusoidal. A infiltração de neutrófilos foi medida pela contagem de células coradas positivamente para MOP, NF-KB, p-65 foi verificado pela contagem de núcleos positivos de hepatócitos e células de Kupffer, iNOS foi avaliada pela presença de células de Kupffer positivas. Os níveis de ALT, AST em 4h foram significativamente menores no grupo pentoxifilina/lipopolissacaríde quando comparado com o grupo lipopolissacarídeo. Os animais tratados com pentoxifilina apresentaram significante redução do escore de lesão hepática e da infiltração por neutrófilos. Em adição, ocorreu significante diminuição no número de núcleos positivos de hepatócitos e células de Kupffer para NE-KB p-65,bem como células de Kupffer positivas para iNOS nos animais tratados com pentoxifilina, quando comparados com o grupo lipopolissacarídeo. A pentoxifilina reduziu a resposta inflamatória e a lesão hepática causadas pela endotoxmia.
Subject(s)
Rats , Endotoxemia , Liver/injuries , Pentoxifylline , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the healing process of gastric suture in rats using hydroalcoholic aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) extract. METHODS: Forty adult male rats, divided into two groups of 20 animals were operated and named as follows: aroeira group (Ga), and the control group (Gc). Each group was divided into two subgroups (SG) of 10 animals (SGa and SGc) according to the time of provoked death (three and seven days). The same surgical procedure was performed in all animals consisting in incision and simple suture of the stomach (Prolene(R) 6-0). The only difference was on the type of medical treatment. The aroeira group received a single 100 mg/kg of aroeira extract in an intraperitoneal dose and the animals from the control group received the same quantity in milliliters (ml) of the isotonic saline solution. The evaluated parameters were: macroscopic alterations, microscopic healing process and toleration to atmospheric air insufflation. RESULTS: All animals had good healing process of abdominal wall with no clinical evidence of infection, dehiscence, abscesses and peritonitis. Both groups presented adherences to gastric suture line area with surrounding organs, mainly the liver, lower intestines and the abdominal wall. Microscopic analysis showed only chronic inflammation significant difference between the aroeira and control groups on the third day of observation. Resistance tests did not present significant statistical differences in the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The use of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) hydro-alcoholic extract did not alter the stomach healing process, considered on macroscopic, tensiometric and microscopic assessment.
Subject(s)
Anacardiaceae/chemistry , Phytotherapy , Stomach/surgery , Wound Healing/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Inflammation/drug therapy , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Male , Plant Bark/chemistry , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tensile Strength/drug effects , Time Factors , Wound Healing/physiologyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a cicatrização de ferida provocada no estômago de ratos com uso do extrato hidroalcoólico de aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi). MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 40 ratos, adultos, machos, divididos em dois grupos de vinte, denominados: grupo aroeira e grupo controle, cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos de dez animais conforme o momento das mortes (três e sete dias). Em cada animal foi realizado o mesmo procedimento cirúrgico, ou seja, lesão do estômago e rafia com fio polipropileno (Prolene®) 6-0, diferindo apenas que os animais do grupo aroeira receberam dose única de 100mg/kg do extrato hidroalcóolico via intraperitoneal no dia do procedimento e aqueles do grupo controle a mesma quantidade em mililitros de solução salina isotônica. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: alterações macroscópicas, teste de resistência à insuflação de ar atmosférico e alterações microscópicas durante a evolução pós-operatória. RESULTADOS: Todos os animais demonstraram boa cicatrização da parede abdominal, sem sinais clínicos de infecção ou deiscência, isentos de complicações como abscessos e peritonites; ambos os grupos apresentaram aderências à superfície das gastrorrafias com órgãos vizinhos, principalmente com fígado, intestino delgado e parede abdominal. O teste de resistência não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante nos grupos estudados. A análise microscópica evidenciou somente a inflamação crônica como possuidora de diferença significativa entre os grupos aroeira e controle no 3° dia de observação. CONCLUSÃO: O extrato hidroalcoólico de aroeira não alterou o processo de cicatrização do estômago quanto à avaliação macroscópica, tensiométrica e microscópica.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the healing process of gastric suture in rats using hydroalcoholic aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) extract. METHODS: Forty adult male rats, divided into two groups of 20 animals were operated and named as follows: aroeira group (Ga), and the control group (Gc). Each group was divided into two subgroups (SG) of 10 animals (SGa and SGc) according to the time of provoked death (three and seven days). The same surgical procedure was performed in all animals consisting in incision and simple suture of the stomach (Prolene® 6-0). The only difference was on the type of medical treatment. The aroeira group received a single 100mg/kg of aroira extract in an intraperitoneal dose and the animals from the control group received the same quantity in milliliters (ml) of the isotonic saline solution. The evaluated parameters were: macroscopic alterations, microscopic healing process and toleration to atmospheric air insufflation. RESULTS: All animals had good healing process of abdominal wall with no clinical evidence of infection, dehiscence, abscesses and peritonitis. Both groups presented adherences to gastric suture line area with surrounding organs, mainly the liver, lower intestines and the abdominal wall. Microscopic analysis showed only chronic inflammation significant difference between the aroeira and control groups on the third day of observation. Resistance tests did not present significant statistical differences in the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The use of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) hydro-alcoholic extract did not alter the stomach healing process, considered on macroscopic, tensiometric and microscopic assessment.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anacardiaceae , Inflammation/drug therapy , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Stomach/drug effects , Wound Healing/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Plant Bark , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stomach/surgery , Time Factors , Tensile Strength/drug effects , Wound Healing/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Endotoxemia is accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokine production, generation of reactive oxygen species, and end-organ injury. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, including down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha synthesis. Its effects on liver function and hepatic histology following acute endotoxemia have not been investigated fully. We hypothesized that PTX would preserve liver architecture and function after intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. METHODS: Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats received an i.v. bolus injection of LPS (5 mg/kg), LPS + PTX (25 mg/kg), or saline (sham). Plasma concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), TNF-alpha, IL-6, and nitrite were measured at different time points after LPS injection. Liver injury was graded according to a scoring system in a blinded fashion from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe) for hepatocellular necrosis, hemorrhage, and parenchymal and sinusoidal inflammatory infiltrates. Neutrophil infiltration was measured by counting myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive stained cells. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p-65 was measured by counting positive stained nuclei of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KC). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was evaluated by positively stained KC. Data are presented as mean +/- SEM. Analysis of variance with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Animals treated with PTX showed a significant reduction in liver injury score and neutrophil infiltration. Treatment with PTX significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and the concentrations of AST and ALT when compared to LPS alone. In addition, a significant decrease in NF-kappaB-positive staining in hepatocytes and KC, as well as in KC iNOS immunostaining was observed in PTX-treated animals compared to the LPS group. CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline downregulates the inflammatory response significantly and decreases liver injury in acute endotoxemia.
Subject(s)
Endotoxemia/drug therapy , Liver Diseases/prevention & control , Pentoxifylline/therapeutic use , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Immunohistochemistry , Interleukin-6/blood , Male , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , Nitrites/blood , Peroxidase/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysisABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as suturas gástricas realizadas com os fios de polipropileno e glicomer 60, avaliando-se o aspecto da mucosa gástrica e a análise histológica. Utilizaram-se 18 cäes mestiços, machos, divididos em 3 grupos de 6 cäes, com a morte no 3§, 7§ e 21§ dias pós-operatório. Cada animal foi submetido a uma laparotomia mediana, na qual foi realizada uma gastrotomia, seguida de gastrorrafia, com ponto contínuo extramucoso no fundo e outra no antro, de forma randomizada entre os fios. Os fios analisados näo apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante em relaçäo ao aspecto da mucosa gástrica (p>0,05). Ambos os grupos näo demonstraram diferença significativa quanto à análise histológica, exceto quanto ao grau de necrose isquêmica, na qual o Glicomer 60 apresentou menor grau (p=0,0006). Concluiu-se que o fio de Glicomer 60 equiparou-se ao Polipropileno na aálise do aspecto da mucosa e apresentou menor grau de necrose isquêmica
