[The use of the Mini-Cog, MMSE, and GPCOG tests in domestic clinical practice for the evaluation of cognitive disorders in elderly and senile patients: the results of a survey of experts' opinions]. / Primenenie v otechestvennoi klinicheskoi praktike testov Mini-Kog, MMSE i GPCOG dlya otsenki kognitivnykh narushenii u patsientov pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta: rezul'taty oprosa mneniya spetsialistov.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the experts' opinion on the feasibility of using Mini-Kog, MMSE and GPCOG tests for screening assessment of cognitive impairment in elderly and senile patients at the primary stage of medical care, as well as to compare different characteristics of these tests according to experts' opinion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The survey of specialists was carried out on the basis of 6 Medical Centers. Prior to the survey, specialists tested cognitive functions in elderly and senile patients during routine visits undergoing routine admission using Mini-Kog, MMSE and GPCOG tests, as well as interviewed their relatives using the corresponding section of the GPCOG. During the survey, specialists filled out a special physician checklist containing items for indicating socio-demographic information and questions regarding the use of tests for assessing cognitive functions in elderly and senile patients in daily clinical practice. RESULTS: The survey involved 40 specialists from different cities of Russia (mean age±SD - 38.6±14.3 years, 82.5% - women). Elderly and senile patients accounted for the predominant proportion (76-100%) of all followed-up patients. All physicians considered it important to conduct a cognitive assessment in elderly patients and they have to use various cognitive tests in their practice. According to most experts, among the Mini-Kog, MMSE and GPCOG tests, all three tools are informative, convenient and suitable for screening cognitive impairment in geriatric patients. The MMSE test is more informative and convenient. Mini-Kog, compared to the other two tools, is the simplest and most time-efficient tool that is also better perceived by patients. An advantage of the GPCOG is the possibility of participation of informants in the assessment of cognitive functions in older patients. CONCLUSION: The findings could be used in further research focused on improving the approaches for early detection of cognitive impairment in geriatric patients by primary care physicians.

[Linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Russian version of general practitioner assessment of cognition questionnaire - GPCOG in elderly and senile patients at the primary care level]. / Yazykovaya i kul'turnaya adaptatsiya russkoyazychnoi versii oprosnika-testa GPCOG dlya otsenki vrachom-terapevtom kognitivnykh funktsii u patsientov pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta na urovne pervichnogo zvena zdravookhraneniya.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Russian version of the General Practitioner's Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG) questionnaire-test was adapted in accordance with modern international recommendations, including the procedure of its consecutive translations, testing of the Russian version of the questionnaire as part of interviewing geriatric patients and their relatives, as well as expert evaluation of the Russian version by specialists and decentering. RESULTS: The testing procedure involved 8 geriatric patients (age 61-77 years, men/women - 3/5), as well as their relatives/other close persons; 8 specialists participated in the questionnaire (age 24-52 years, all women). Based on the data of interviewing patients and their relatives, an acceptable indicator of the external validity of the Russian version of the tool was established, according to the results of the questionnaire of specialists, its substantive validity was confirmed. The results of testing the GPCOG questionnaire-test in the focus group of patients and the questionnaire of specialists made it possible to make changes for two tasks at the decentering stage, which made it possible to improve the equivalence of the instrument to its original version, taking into account the ethno-linguistic characteristics of the domestic population. CONCLUSIONS: In the process of linguistic and cultural adaptation, the final version of the GPCOG questionnaire-test In Russian was formed, equivalent to the original and corresponding to the ethnolinguistic features of the population. The use of GPCOG in domestic geriatric practice and scientific research is possible after testing the instrument in a population of elderly and senile patients with the participation of primary care specialists and evaluating the psychometric properties of the instrument - reliability, sensitivity and specificity within the validation procedure.

[Testing and validation of the Russian version of quality of life questionnaire in patients with GERD - GERD-HRQL].

AIM: This study aimed to test the Russian version of GERD-HRQL in the focus group of patients with GERD, as well as to evaluate its psychometric properties reliability, validity and sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The total of 57 patients with GERD (mean age 45.812.4 years, 72% women, 68% patients with not erosive reflux disease, 84% had esophageal manifestations of GERD) were enrolled into the study. All the patients filled out the Russian version of GERD-HRQL and generic quality of life questionnaire RAND SF-36 during the routine visit to the gastroenterologist. According to the results of testing of GERD-HRQL, it was clear and easy to complete for patients and reflected the main concerns specific for GERD patients. The most frequent and bothersome symptoms/problems which interfered with quality of life in GERD patients were heartburn (100% of patients) and bloating (84% of patients). During the validation procedure, the high reliability and validity of the Russian version of GERD-HRQL were demonstrated. It was shown that the tool was sensitive both to changes over time and to clinically determined differences in patients status. RESULTS: The Total GERD-HRQL Score was significantly higher (worse quality of life) in the following groups: a) patients who had esophageal manifestations of GERB vs those without esophageal manifestations of GERB; b) patients with GERD complications vs those without GERD complications, c) patients with comorbidities of upper gastrointestinal tract vs without those comorbidities; d) patients with erosive esophagitis vs with non-erosive reflux disease (p0.05). CONCLUSION: The developed Russian version of the GERD-HRQL questionnaire proved to have high psychometric properties and may be used in the Russian population of GERD patients both in research studies and in a real clinical practice.