Aortic valve resuspension using the Florida sleeve technique with replacement of the aortic arch by stent grafting the thoracic aorta with the hybrid prosthesis E-Vita Open Plus in a patient with DeBakey type I acute aortic dissection.

Surgery for acute type A aortic dissection is highly challenging, even in expert hands. The goal in such emergency circumstances is primarily to save the patient's life. To minimize the perioperative risk, surgeons often choose surgery involving only supracoronary ascending aortic and hemiarch replacement. However, to achieve a successful repair, the extremely fragile dissected aortic layers must be reconstructed proximally and distally. Most of the surgical procedures for patients with acute type A aortic dissection are supracoronary ascending aortic replacements. Thereby, the Florida sleeve procedure is an attractive alternative for reimplanting the entire aortic root into a Dacron graft. This approach has overcome most of the technical problems associated with composite valve graft or valve-sparing procedures. The frozen elephant trunk procedure is particularly appealing for treating acute type A aortic dissection because of its ability to treat malperfusion by encouraging true lumen expansion and potentially reducing longer-term adverse remodelling within the descending aorta.

Correction to "Non-invasive Exhaled Breath and Skin Analysis to Diagnose Lung Cancer: Study of Age Effect on Diagnostic Accuracy".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06132.].

Selectivity of Exhaled Breath Biomarkers of Lung Cancer in Relation to Cancer of Other Localizations.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, mostly due to diagnostics in the advanced stage. Therefore, the development of a quick, simple, and non-invasive diagnostic tool to identify cancer is essential. However, the creation of a reliable diagnostic tool is possible only in case of selectivity to other diseases, particularly, cancer of other localizations. This paper is devoted to the study of the variability of exhaled breath samples among patients with lung cancer and cancer of other localizations, such as esophageal, breast, colorectal, kidney, stomach, prostate, cervix, and skin. For this, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used. Two classification models were built. The first model separated patients with lung cancer and cancer of other localizations. The second model classified patients with lung, esophageal, breast, colorectal, and kidney cancer. Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were applied to identify differences in investigated groups. Discriminant analysis (DA), gradient-boosted decision trees (GBDT), and artificial neural networks (ANN) were applied to create the models. In the case of classifying lung cancer and cancer of other localizations, average sensitivity and specificity were 68% and 69%, respectively. However, the accuracy of classifying groups of patients with lung, esophageal, breast, colorectal, and kidney cancer was poor.

Non-Invasive Lung Cancer Diagnostics through Metabolites in Exhaled Breath: Influence of the Disease Variability and Comorbidities.

Non-invasive, simple, and fast tests for lung cancer diagnostics are one of the urgent needs for clinical practice. The work describes the results of exhaled breath analysis of 112 lung cancer patients and 120 healthy individuals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatile organic compound (VOC) peak areas and their ratios were considered for data analysis. VOC profiles of patients with various histological types, tumor localization, TNM stage, and treatment status were considered. The effect of non-pulmonary comorbidities (chronic heart failure, hypertension, anemia, acute cerebrovascular accident, obesity, diabetes) on exhaled breath composition of lung cancer patients was studied for the first time. Significant correlations between some VOC peak areas and their ratios and these factors were found. Diagnostic models were created using gradient boosted decision trees (GBDT) and artificial neural network (ANN). The performance of developed models was compared. ANN model was the most accurate: 82-88% sensitivity and 80-86% specificity on the test data.

Non-invasive Exhaled Breath and Skin Analysis to Diagnose Lung Cancer: Study of Age Effect on Diagnostic Accuracy.

Development of simple, fast, and non-invasive tests for lung cancer diagnostics is essential for clinical practice. In this paper, exhaled breath and skin were studied as potential objects to diagnose lung cancer. The influence of age on the performance of diagnostic models was studied. Gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) was used to analyze the exhaled breath of 110 lung cancer patients and 212 healthy individuals of various ages. Peak area ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were used for data analysis instead of VOC peak areas. Various machine learning algorithms were applied to create diagnostic models, and their performance was compared. The best results on the test data set were achieved using artificial neural networks (ANNs): classification of patients with lung cancer and young healthy volunteers: 88 ± 4% sensitivity and 83 ± 3% specificity; classification of patients with lung cancer and old healthy individuals: 81 ± 3% sensitivity and 85 ± 1% specificity. The difference between performance of models based on young and old healthy groups was minor. The results obtained have shown that metabolic dysregulation driven by the disease biology is too high, which significantly overlaps the age effect. The influence of tumor localization and histological type on exhaled breath samples of lung cancer patients was studied. Statistically significant differences between some parameters in these samples were observed. A possibility of assessing the disease status by skin analysis in the Zakharyin-Ged zones using an electronic nose based on the quartz crystal microbalance sensor system was evaluated. Diagnostic models created using ANNs allow us to classify the skin composition of patients with lung cancer and healthy subjects of different ages with a sensitivity of 69 ± 2% and a specificity of 68 ± 8% for the young healthy group and a sensitivity of 74 ± 7% and a specificity of 66 ± 6% for the old healthy group. Primary results of skin analysis in the Zakharyin-Ged zones for the lung cancer diagnosis have shown its utility, but further investigation is required to confirm the results obtained.

Aortic root reinforcement using the Florida sleeve technique in a patient with acute aortic dissection type A.

Stanford type A acute aortic dissection is an inherently lethal condition that is regarded as a surgical emergency. The Bentall procedure is considered the gold standard for patients requiring aortic root replacement. However, this method can be technically difficult for less-experienced surgeons. Complications encountered after composite graft replacement include distortion of the proximal part of the coronary artery, bleeding from the conduit implant site, and reattached coronary artery origins caused in general by a consumption coagulopathy. In cases for which aortic valve preservation is not applicable and the root is not dissected or dilated, surgeons often opt for less complicated techniques like aortic valve and supracoronary ascending aortic replacement. Nevertheless, these patients carry a high risk of late aortic root dilatation and subsequent reoperation. The goal of aortic root reinforcement by the Florida sleeve technique is to encase the aortic root to prevent any further dilatation and perioperative bleeding.

Exhaled breath analysis using GC-MS and an electronic nose for lung cancer diagnostics.

Exhaled breath analysis is an interesting and promising approach for the diagnostics of various diseases. Being non-invasive, convenient and simple, this approach has tremendous potential utility for further translation into clinical practice. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quartz microbalance sensor-based "electronic nose" were applied for analysis of the exhaled breath of 40 lung cancer patients and 40 healthy individuals. It was found that the electronic nose was unable to distinguish the samples of different groups. However, the application of GC-MS allowed identifying statistically significant differences in compound peak areas and their ratios for investigated groups. Diagnostic models were created using random forest classifier based on peak areas and their ratios with the sensitivity and specificity of peak areas (ratios) of 85.7-96.5% (75.0-93.1%) and 73.3-85.1% (90.0-92.5%) on training data and 63.6-75.0% (72.7-100.0%) and 50.0-69.2% (76.9-84.6%) on test data, respectively. The exhaled breath samples of lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers could be distinguished by GC-MS with the use of individual compounds, but application of their ratios could help to determine specific differences between investigated groups and the level the influence of individual metabolism features alternating from one person to another as well as daily instrument reproducibility deviations. The electronic nose has to be significantly improved to apply it to lung cancer diagnostics of exhaled breath analysis and the influence of water vapour has to be lowered to increase the sensitivity of the sensors to detect lung cancer biomarkers.

Study of confounding factors influence on lung cancer diagnostics effectiveness using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled breath.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to estimate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ability to distinguish exhaled breath samples of lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers and to assess the effect of smoking status and gender on parameters. Patients & methods: Exhaled breath samples of 40 lung cancer patients and 40 healthy individuals were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Influence of other factors on the exhaled breath VOCs profile was investigated. Results: Some parameters correlating with the disease status were affected by other factors. Excluding these parameters allows creating a logistic regression diagnostic model with 83% sensitivity and 81% specificity. Conclusion: Influence of other factors on the exhaled breath VOCs profile has to be taken into account to avoid misleading results.

Investigation of different approaches for exhaled breath and tumor tissue analyses to identify lung cancer biomarkers.

Development of early noninvasive methods for lung cancer diagnosis is among the most promising technologies, especially using exhaled breath as an object of analysis. Simple sample collection combined with easy and quick sample preparation, as well as the long-term stability of the samples, make it an ideal choice for routine analysis. The conditions of exhaled breath analysis by preconcentrating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in sorbent tubes, two-stage thermal desorption and gas-chromatographic determination with flame-ionization detection have been optimized. These conditions were applied to estimate differences in exhaled breath VOC profiles of lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The combination of statistical methods was used to evaluate the ability of VOCs and their ratios to classify lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The performance of diagnostic models on the test data set was greater than 90 % for both VOC peak areas and their ratios. Some of the exhaled breath samples were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify VOCs present in exhaled breath at lower concentration levels. To confirm the endogenous origin of VOCs found in exhaled breath, GC-MS analysis of tumor tissues was conducted. Some of the VOCs identified in exhaled breath were found in tumor tissues, but their frequency of occurrence was significantly lower than in the case of exhaled breath.

Prophylactic of stress fractures of vertebrae adjacent to transpedicular screw fixation for osteoporosis / Profilaxia das fraturas por estresse de vértebras adjacentes à fixação com parafuso transpedicular em osteoporose / Profilaxia de las fracturas por estrés de vértebras adyacentes a la fijación de tornillo transpedicular en osteoporosis

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the efficacy and use of vertebroplasty as a prophylactic measure to prevent stress fractures of vertebrae adjacent to transpedicular screw fixation with augmentation for osteoporosis. Methods: An experimental cadaveric study was performed to assess the overall strength of 10 cadaveric blocks of T10-L4 vertebral segments with simulation of L1 fracture and T12-L2 transpedicular 4-screw system with augmentation. T11 and L2 vertebroplasty cranial and caudal to the transpedicular system was performed in 5 blocks in the main group. Stress testing of the blocks was performed by placing them under a vertically directed load until destruction. Results: Vertically directed load on the blocks in the main group (0.84 ± 0.39831 kN) resulted in T11 vertebrae fractures. Vertebrae with augmentation were resistant to the load in the main group. T10 vertebrae fractures in the blocks of the main group occurred at a load of 1.91 ± 0.40566 kN. Conclusion: 1. The adjacent T11 vertebra is the weakest vertebra in the anatomical blocks of T10-L4 vertebral segments with simulation of L1 fracture (type A according to the AO/Magerl classification) and the T12-L2 4-screw transpedicular system with augmentation. 2. Bone cement injection into the T11 cranial vertebra adjacent to the level of fixation increases the overall strength of the blocks 3. Vertebroplasty of the overlying vertebra is an effective way to prevent its fracture and in case of osteoporosis. 4. Prophylactic vertebroplasty of the vertebra caudal to the level of fixation is unnecessary due to the insignificant risk of a fracture. Level of Evidence III; Experimental - Quasi experiments

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e o uso da vertebroplastia como medida profilática para prevenir fraturas por estresse das vértebras adjacentes à fixação com parafuso transpedicular com o aumento da osteoporose. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo cadavérico experimental para avaliar a resistência global de 10 blocos cadavéricos dos segmentos T10-L4 com simulação de fratura de L1 e sistema com 4 parafusos transpediculares em T12-L2 com aumento. A vertebroplastia de T11-L2 cranial e caudal ao sistema transpedicular foi realizada em 5 blocos no grupo principal. Os testes de estresse nos blocos foram realizados aplicando-se carga vertical até ocorrência de fratura. Resultados: A carga vertical sobre os blocos no grupo principal (0,84 ± 0,39831 kN) resultou em fratura da vértebra T11. As vértebras com aumento foram resistentes à carga no grupo principal. As fraturas da vértebra T10 nos blocos do grupo principal ocorreram com carga de 1,91 ± 0,40566 kN. Conclusão: 1. A vértebra adjacente à T11 é a mais fraca nos blocos anatômicos dos segmentos vertebrais T10-L4 com simulação de fratura de L1 (tipo A de acordo com a classificação AO/Magerl) e do sistema transpedicular com 4 parafusos T12-L2 com aumento. 2. A injeção de cimento ósseo na vértebra adjacente à T11 em sentido cranial ao nível de fixação aumenta a resistência global dos blocos. 3. A vertebroplastia da vértebra sobrejacente é uma forma eficaz de prevenir a fratura nos casos de osteoporose. 4. A vertebroplastia profilática da vértebra caudal ao nível de fixação é desnecessária devido ao risco insignificante de fratura. Nível de Evidência III; Experimental - Quase experimentos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y el uso de la vertebroplastia como medida profiláctica para prevenir fracturas por estrés de las vértebras adyacentes a la fijación con tornillo transpedicular con aumento de la osteoporosis. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cadavérico experimental para evaluar la resistencia global de 10 bloques cadavéricos de los segmentos T10-L4 con simulación de fractura de L1 y sistema con 4 tornillos transpediculares en Th12-L2 con aumento. La vertebroplastia de T11-L2 craneal y caudal al sistema transpedicular se realizó en 5 bloques en el grupo principal. Los tests de estrés en los bloques fueron realizados aplicándose carga vertical hasta la ocurrencia de fractura. Resultados: La carga vertical sobre los bloques en el grupo principal (0,84 ± 0,39831 kN) resultó en fractura de la vértebra T11. Las vértebras con aumento fueron resistentes a la carga en el grupo principal. Las fracturas de la vértebra T10 en los bloques del grupo principal ocurrieron con carga de 1,91 ± 0,40566 kN. Conclusión: 1. La vértebra adyacente a T11 es la más débil en los bloques anatómicos de los segmentos vertebrales T10-L4 con simulación de fractura de L1 (tipo A según la clasificación AO/Magerl) y del sistema transpedicular con 4 tornillos T12-L2 con aumento. 2. La inyección de cemento óseo en la vértebra adyacente a la T11 em sentido craneal al nivel de fijación aumenta la resistencia global de los bloques 3. La vertebroplastia de la vértebra suprayacente es una forma efectiva de prevenir la fractura en los casos de osteoporosis. 4. La vertebroplastia profiláctica de la vértebra caudal al nivel de fijación es innecesaria debido al riesgo no significativo de fractura. Nivel de evidencia III; Experimental - Cuasi experimentos.

Complications of surgical treatment of lumbar stenosis in the early postoperative period / Complicações do tratamento cirúrgico da estenose lombar no período pós-operatório imediato / Complicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico de la estenosis lumbar en el período postoperatorio temprano

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the structure of degenerative lumbar stenosis surgical treatment complications and to analyze their effect on the results and indications for revision operations. Methods: Between 2009 and 2013, 513 patients with lumbar stenosis of degenerative etiology were surgically treated. There were 205 men, 308 women, aged 23 to 74 years. The main clinical manifestations were persistent compression radiculopathy, chronic pain in the back and lower limbs, and difficulty walking. The intensity of the pain was assessed by the VAS. At the time of hospitalization, VAS was 55-90 points. Results: Of the 513 operated patients, 65 (12.67%) had complications in the early postoperative period (up to three months after the operation); intraoperative complications occurred in 26 (5.1%) patients; intraoperative dura mater injury occurred in 24 (4.67%); pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred in 2 (0.39%) patients; 39 patients had early postoperative complications; acute radiculopathy occurred in 22 patients (4.28%); and 17 patients (3.31%) had surgical wound complications. Conclusions: Liquorrhea, postoperative hematomas and acute radiculopathy had no negative effect on the results of treatment in any of the cases. In the early postoperative period, 4 (0.77%) deaths were recorded intraoperatively and in 2 (0.39%) cases, intraoperative PE occurred. Two cases (0.39%) resulted in sepsis and multiple organ failure. In eight (1.55%) patients, the results of the treatment were unsatisfactory: in 4 (0.77%) cases due to death, and in a further 4 (0.77%) due to elimination of the system by the spinal column as a result of suppuration. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic studies - Investing the results of treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a estrutura das complicações do tratamento cirúrgico da estenose lombar degenerativa e analisar seu efeito nos resultados e indicações para operações de revisão. Métodos: Nos anos de 2009-2013, 513 pacientes com estenose lombar de etiologia degenerativa foram tratados cirurgicamente. Havia 205 homens, 308 mulheres com idades entre 23 e 74 anos. As principais manifestações clínicas foram radiculopatia por compressão persistente, dor crônica nas costas e membros inferiores, dificuldade para andar. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela EAV. No momento da hospitalização, a EVA foi de 55 a 90 pontos. Resultados: Entre os 513 pacientes operados, 65 (12,67%) tiveram complicações do pós-operatório imediato (até três meses após a operação ocorreram complicações intraoperatórias em 26 (5,1%) pacientes. A lesão intra operatória da dura-máter ocorreu em 24 (4,67%); embolia pulmonar (EP) ocorreu em dois (0,39%) pacientes, 39 pacientes com complicações pós-operatórias precoces, radiculopatia aguda em 22 pacientes (4,28%) e 17 pacientes (3,31%) com complicações da ferida. Os hematomas pós-operatórios e a radiculopatia aguda tiveram efeito negativo sobre os resultados do tratamento em nenhum caso. No período pós-operatório imediato, 4 (0,77%) dos óbitos foram registrados no período intra operatório e em dois (0,39%) casos o PE intra operatório. Em dois casos (0,39%) foram motivo de sepse e falência múltipla de órgãos, sendo que em oito (1,55%) pacientes foram encontrados resultados insatisfatórios: em quatro (0,77%) devido à morte - e em quatro devido à remoção dos sistemas da coluna por causa de supuração. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la estructura de las complicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico de la estenosis lumbar degenerativa y analizar su efecto sobre los resultados y las indicaciones para las operaciones de revisión. Métodos: En 2009-2013 513 pacientes con estenosis lumbar de etiología degenerativa fueron tratados quirúrgicamente. Hubo 205 hombres, 308 mujeres, de 23 a 74 años. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas fueron radiculopatía por compresión persistente, dolor crónico en la espalda y las extremidades inferiores, y dificultades para caminar. La intensidad del dolor fue evaluada por EVA. En el momento de la hospitalización, la EVA tenía 55-90 puntos. Resultados: Entre los 513 pacientes operados, 65 (12,67%) tuvieron complicaciones en el período postoperatorio temprano (hasta tres meses después de la operación); hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias en 26 (5,1%) pacientes; lesión duramadre intraoperatoria ocurrió en 24 (4,67%); embolia pulmonar (EP) se presentó en dos pacientes (0,39%); hubo 39 pacientes con complicaciones postoperatorias tempranas; en 22 (4,28%) radiculopatía aguda y en 17 (3,31%) complicaciones en la herida. Conclusiones: Liquorrea, hematomas postoperatorios y la radiculopatía aguda no tuvieron efecto negativo en los resultados del tratamiento en ninguno dos casos. En el período postoperatorio temprano se registraron cuatro (0,77%) muertes intraoperatorias y en dos (0,39%) casos se trató de una PE intraoperatoria. Dos casos (0,39%) resultaron en sepsis y falla orgánica múltiple. Se observaron resultados de tratamiento insatisfactorios en ocho (1,55%) pacientes: en 4 (0,77%) - debido a la muerte, y en cuatro (0,77%) - debido a eliminación del sistema por la espina dorsal debido a supuración. Nivel de evidencia IV; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.