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1.
Cienc. tecnol. salud ; 9(2): 182-188, 2022. il^c27
Article in Spanish | LILACS, DIGIUSAC, LIGCSA | ID: biblio-1415952

ABSTRACT

La resistencia a los antimicrobianos es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial que va en aumento y se ve reflejada en la falta de eficacia de los tratamientos de infecciones bacterianas con antibióticos en humanos y en animales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la resistencia a los antibióticos de cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas en carne de cerdo expendida en los mercados municipales de la ciudad de Guatemala. Se identificaron los antibióticos que presentaron mayor resistencia y mayor sensibilidad in vitro frente a las cepas de E. coli aisladas a partir de 76 muestras de carne de cerdo. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple con afijación proporcional por mercado. Para la identificación de las cepas de E. coli se utilizó la prueba de IMViC y para evaluar la resistencia a los antimicrobianos se utilizó la prueba de Kirby Bauer empleando 9 antibióticos. Se aisló E. coli en el 55% (42/76) de las muestras. La resistencia en las 42 cepas aisladas fue: tetraciclina (83%) neomicina (50%) y sulfametoxasole + trimetoprim (50%). 83% de las cepas (35/42) fueron resistentes a 2 antibióticos y 50% (21/42) a 3 antibióticos o más. Se obtuvo mayor sensibilidad con ceftriaxona (91%), amikacina (83%), gentamicina (65%) y ácido nalidíxico (65%). Se concluye que existe resistencia a los antibióticos evaluados, lo que constituye un riesgo para la salud pública ya que se encuentra en cepas aisladas en un alimento para consumo humano.


Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat that is increasing and is reflected in the lack of efficacy of bacterial infection treatments with antibiotics in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance to antibiotics of Escherichia coli strains isolated from pork in the municipal markets of Guatemala City. Antibiotics with the highest resistance and those with the highest sensitivity in vitro against the strains of E. coli were evaluated. A simple random sampling was carried out with proportional allocation by market, and 76 samples were collected. IMViC test was used to identify the E. coli strains, and antibiotics resistance was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer with nine different antibiotics. E. coli was isolated in 55% (42/76) of the samples. Resistance was evaluated in the 42 isolates. Antibiotic resistance was detected to tetracycline (83%), neomycin (50%), and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (50%). All isolates presented resistance to at least one antibiotic; it was determined that 83% (35/42) showed resistance to two antibiotics and 50% (21/42) showed resistance to three antibiotics or more. The sensitivity obtained was higher for ceftriaxone (91%), amikacin (83%), gentamicin (65%), and nalidixic acid (65%). In conclusion, antibiotic resistance was detected, which constitutes a risk to public health since it is found in isolated strains in food for human consumption.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Drug Resistance, Microbial/drug effects , Kanamycin Resistance/drug effects , Tetracycline Resistance/drug effects , Trimethoprim Resistance/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Pork Meat/microbiology , Ceftriaxone , Gentamicins , Neomycin , Nalidixic Acid , Food Microbiology , Enrofloxacin , Guatemala
2.
J Avian Med Surg ; 35(3): 325-332, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34677031

ABSTRACT

Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), a circovirus, is the etiologic agent of psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), a progressive and often fatal disease in Psittaciformes. Even though neotropical psittacine species are more resistant to clinical infection than Old World species, BFDV is recognized as a threat to immunologically naïve wild psittacine flocks and its epidemiologic control is paramount for conservation efforts in Neotropical species. Samples were collected from multiple psittacine species, including Ara species, Amazona species, and the white-crowned parrot (Pionus senilis) from the only rescue center in Guatemala with formal psittacine rehabilitation and reintroduction programs. A total of 117 birds, with 101 adults and 16 juveniles of unknown sex, were tested for BFDV by means of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The BFDV prevalence found in this study was 0%, (95% confidence interval, 0%-6.0%). Seven 2-8-year-old scarlet macaws (Ara macao cyanoptera) with positive results from previous surveys by conventional PCR yielded negative results in this study, suggesting complete infection resolution.


Subject(s)
Bird Diseases , Circoviridae Infections , Circovirus , Psittaciformes , Animals , Beak , Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Birds , Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Circoviridae Infections/veterinary
3.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 67(1): 31-39, mar. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-466039

ABSTRACT

Investigar las muertes maternas para conocer la tasa de mortalidad, causas y factores relacionados, con la finalidad de proponer estrategias y afrontar este grave problema. Maternidad Concepción Palacios, Caracas. Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analíticode las muertes maternas que ocurrierron entre los años 1982-1991. Se registrarón 423 muertes maternas. La tasa de mortalidad materna promedio de los 10 años fue de 162,2 por 100 000 nacidos vivos. Predominarón la muerte de causa directa representada por sepsis (48,1 por ciento) principalmente posaborto, hipertensión inducida por el embarazo (28,3 por ciento) y hemorragea (17,4 por ciento). Las principales causas indirectas fueron infecciones (28 por ciento), patología cardiovascular (25 por ciento) y pulmonar (15 por ciento). Asistieron al control prenatal 20.1 por ciento, procedían del Distrito Federal 58,1 por ciento y del Estado Miranda 36,7 por ciento; fueron referidas de otros hospitales 52,7 por ciento de las pacientes y la edad materna que prevaleció fue entre 25-29 años (26 por ciento). El grupo de V o más gestas predominaron (31 por ciento), la forma de terminación más frecuente fue parto vaginal (34,5 por ciento) seguido de aborto (27,9 por ciento) y luego cesárea (26,2 por ciento), el intervalo entre admisión y muerte fue mayor de 48 horas en el 59,5 por ciento de los casos y el 40,4 por ciento permaneció menos de 2 días de hospitalización. Se realizó auptosia a 286 pacientes que representan al 67,6 por ciento. La Maternidad "Concepción Palacios" tiene altas tasas de mortalidad materna prevenible. Debemos hacer esfuerzos para mejorar la capacidad y calidad de la atención obstétrica


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Humans , Abortion, Criminal , Maternal Mortality , Hemorrhage , Hypertension , Venezuela , Gynecology , Obstetrics
4.
Biochim Biophys Acta ; 1724(1-2): 155-62, 2005 Jun 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15866508

ABSTRACT

Amaranthus leucocarpus lectin (ALL) is specific for GalNAc, and recognizes human T cells. The receptor for ALL was purified from T cells using biotin-labeled lectin and avidin-agarose as affinity matrix. It is a 70-kDa glycoprotein, constituted mainly by serine, glycine, and glutamic acid; its glycosidic portion contains mainly GalNAc; galactose, sialic acid, mannose, and GlcNAc were identified at a lower proportion. By ionic strength chromatography, as well as double dimension electrophoresis, we identified four isoforms of the ALL-receptor. N-terminal amino acid was blocked both in the ALL-receptor and its isoforms, therefore, tryptic peptides of ALL-receptor, analyzed through MALDI-TOF, were compared with the relative values obtained from the NCBInr (ProFound 2004/06/01) database. Our results indicated that the tryptic peptides obtained showed 54% homology with a DnaK-core molecular chaperone, 47% with human KIAA protein, and 44% with heat shock protein 8. The most frequent phenotype of the CD4 or CD8 ALL+ T cells was CD45RA+ CD27+; 26% of ALL+ T cells were CD25+ and 13% were CD69+, indicating that the glycoprotein recognized by ALL is present mainly on naive or quiescent T cells.


Subject(s)
Glycoproteins/chemistry , Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry , Membrane Glycoproteins/isolation & purification , Plant Lectins/chemistry , Receptors, Mitogen/chemistry , Receptors, Mitogen/isolation & purification , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Amaranthus/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Antigens, CD/analysis , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Peptide Fragments/chemistry , Phenotype , Plant Lectins/metabolism , Protein Isoforms/chemistry , Protein Isoforms/isolation & purification , T-Lymphocytes/immunology
5.
Cell Immunol ; 218(1-2): 34-45, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12470612

ABSTRACT

We purified a 70 kDa O-glycoprotein that binds to the GalNAc specific lectin from Amaranthus leucocarpus (ALLr) and determined its expression pattern on T lymphocytes from different murine lymphoid organs. High level of ALLr expression was demonstrated in 95-98% of both CD4(+)8(+) and CD4(-)8(+) thymocytes, and in 80-95% of CD8(+) T cells from peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and spleen, whereas a minor fraction of CD4(+)8(-) thymocytes (46-67%) and peripheral CD4(+) T cells (9-40%) showed low ALLr expression. Peripheral CD19(+) B cells were ALLr negative and most of the peripheral ALL(+) T cells showed a CD62L(hi)CD45RB(hi)CD44(lo/-) phenotype, indicating features of naive cells. Mitogenic activation of peripheral T cells increased 3-fold the number of ALL(+)CD4(+) T cells 24 h after stimulation, as opposed to a >80% decrease in CD8(+) T cells 72 h after stimulation. Our results suggest that ALL detects a non-described surface O-glycoprotein selectively expressed by naive CD8(+) T cells and by early activated CD4(+) T cells.


Subject(s)
Glycoproteins/metabolism , Lymphocyte Activation , Membrane Glycoproteins/isolation & purification , Plant Lectins/metabolism , Receptors, Mitogen/isolation & purification , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry , Animals , Antigens, CD/analysis , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Cell Differentiation , Cell Lineage , Chromatography, Affinity , Gene Expression Regulation , Glycosylation , Immunophenotyping , Male , Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Molecular Weight , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism , Sialic Acids/analysis , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
6.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 11(3): 232-6, jul.-sept. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-234081

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: En este artículo se revisan algunos aspectos relevantes de la fagocitosis no opsónica de microorganismos intracelulares con especial énfasis en Histoplasma capsulatum, considerando que la participación de los mecanismos no opsónicos influyen en el destino final de los microorganismos dentro de los fagocitos. Introducción: Numerosos microorganismos intracelulares invaden y sobreviven en el interior de las células fagocíticas gracias a los medios utilizados para su internalización así como a la presencia de moléculas de superficie o productos metabólicos que neutralizan o inhiben los mecanismos microbicidas propios de los fagocitos del huésped. Participación de moléculas glicosiladas, de integrinas, y de otras moléculas, en la invasión de microorganismos al macrófago: La internalización de los microorganismos a través de los receptores independientes de opsoninas de los macrófagos generalmente facilita a la invasión de éstos, ya que algunos receptores no activan el metabolismo oxidativo, de ahí que el reconocimiento, entre la célula a ser infectada y el microorganismo, mediaso por carbohidratos y estructuras tipo lectinas constituye uno de los mecanismos de invasión más exitosos. Conclusión: El conocer estas alternativas de invasión favorecería entender mejor la patogénesis de muchas enfermedades intracelulares que representan importantes problemas de salud, como la histoplasmosis, la tuberculosis y la leishmaniasis, entre otras


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Macrophage Activation/immunology , Histocompatibility Antigens Class II , Defense Mechanisms , Histoplasma/isolation & purification , Histoplasma/pathogenicity , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/immunology , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism , Phagocytosis , Host-Parasite Interactions
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