ABSTRACT
El comercio minorista de alimentos es un componente del ambiente alimentario que influye en la selección y consumo de alimentos. En las últimas décadas, México ha experimentado cambios en el ambiente alimentario que coinciden con el incremento del sobrepeso, obesidad y las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) de su población. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los cambios en la densidad de comercios minoristas de alimentos en zonas de media y alta marginación de Hermosillo, Sonora, situado en la región Pacífico Norte de México, en el periodo del 2010 al 2021, y su asociación con la dieta, antropometría y salud de mujeres adultas. La información del comercio minorista de alimentos se obtuvo del Diccionario Estadístico Nacional de Unidades Económicas (DENUE). Se entrevistó y se tomaron medidas antropométricas a una muestra de 104 mujeres adultas. En el periodo de estudio, el comercio minorista de alimentos tuvo cambios significativos en las zonas de media y alta marginación de la localidad. El promedio de edad de las participantes fue de 47,6±15 años. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, diabetes e hipertensión fue del 88%, 20% y 40%, respectivamente. El aumento en la densidad de tiendas de conveniencia se asoció de manera positiva con el índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura y obesidad de las participantes (β: 3,22; p<0,01; β: 7,70; p<0,01; OR: 3,12; p<0,01). Los resultados muestran que el tipo de establecimiento en donde se compran los alimentos se asocia con indicadores de salud de la población.
Food retail is a component of the food environment that influences food selection and consumption. In recent decades, Mexico has experienced changes in the food environment that coincide with the increase in overweight, obesity, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among its population. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the density of food retail from 2010 to 2021 in areas of medium and high marginalization in Hermosillo, Sonora, located in the North Pacific region of Mexico, and their association with diet, anthropometry, and adult women's health. Information on food retail was obtained from the National Statistic Directory of Economic Units (DENUE). A sample of 104 adult women was interviewed, and their anthropometric measurements were taken. The findings revealed significant changes in the density of food retail in areas of medium and high marginalization during the study period. The participant's mean age was 47,6±15 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure was 88%, 20%, and 40%, respectively. The increase in the density of convenience stores was positively associated with women's body mass index, waist circumference, and obesity (β: 3,22; p<0,01; β: 7,70; p<0,01; OR: 3,12; p<0,01). The results demonstrate that the type of establishment where food is purchased is associated with the population's health status.
ABSTRACT
Mexican migrant farm workers are one of the poorest and most marginalized social groups within the country. They face the double burden of malnutrition, food insecurity, as well as harsh living and labor conditions. Objective: To examine the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) and obesity in a population of migrant farm workers in highly modernized agribusiness areas of Northwest Mexico. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a concentric (site) (n = 146 households) and systematic selection of participants (adult men and women). Methods included questionnaires regarding socio-demographic characteristics, food security, diet (two non-consecutive 24-h recalls), and physical activity (PA). Anthropometric data included height, weight, and waist circumference. Data analysis covered descriptive statistics, multivariate linear and logistic regression. Results: Sample showed 75% prevalence of overweight and obesity, while 87% of households reported some level of HFI. Mild HFI resulted in five times more probability of farm workers' obesity (OR = 5.18, 95% CI: 1.37-19.58). However, there was a protective effect of HFI for obesity among men (OR 0.089, 95% CI: 0.01-0.58) in a context of intense labor-related PA. Conclusion: There is a difference by gender in the relationship of HFI with obesity prevalence related perhaps to the energy expenditure of male agricultural migrant workers.