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1.
Clin Transplant ; 34(7): e13869, 2020 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32259315

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) can be associated with early complications, such as allograft dysfunction and acute kidney injury, which contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has been identified as mediator in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nucleosomes are complexes formed by DNA and histone proteins, and histones contribute to organs failure and death during sepsis. METHODS: HMGB1 and nucleosome plasma levels were measured, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, during LT and in the first 48 post-operative hours in 22 LT patients. The association between HMGB1 and nucleosome levels and the complications and survival within 6 months after LT were investigated. RESULTS: We observed peak HMGB1 and nucleosome levels after graft reperfusion. HMGB1 and nucleosome levels were associated with the occurrence of acute kidney injury, early allograft dysfunction, and early survival after LT. Nucleosome levels after graft reperfusion were associated with the occurrence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: HMGB1 and nucleosome levels increased after liver reperfusion in human LT setting and were associated with early complications and survival. New studies are necessary to explore their role as early markers of hepatocellular injury in human LT and the risk of graft and organs dysfunction and death.


Subject(s)
HMGB1 Protein/blood , Liver Transplantation , Nucleosomes , Reperfusion Injury , Humans , Liver , Survival Rate
2.
Microsc Res Tech ; 83(6): 597-603, 2020 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31989736

ABSTRACT

The MeX™ software is a useful tool for tridimensional data collection for surface evaluation and could be relevant to evaluate the same specimen in different phases of the study, assuming repeated measures of dental enamel roughness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sample metallization for dental enamel roughness analysis with 3D images reconstructed using MeX™ software from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. The influence of 74.98% (%mol/mol) argon-oxygen plasma for carbon layer removal on surface roughness of the metallized specimen was also evaluated. Dental enamel specimens were prepared for SEM analysis with and without carbon metallization using conventional or environmental modes. Argon-oxygen plasma for carbon layer removal was used and surface roughness was re-evaluated. Roughness obtained by SEM and MeX™ reconstructed images, with or without metallization, did not differ. No significant alteration on surface roughness after carbon layer removal using plasma was found. SEM baseline evaluation using conventional mode without sample preparation and in environmental mode were not comparable. Roughness of enamel 3D images reconstructed with MeX™ software from SEM images, with or without metallization was similar. The 74.98% (%mol/mol) argon-oxygen plasma removed the carbon layer with no effect on enamel roughness.

3.
J Pediatr Surg ; 53(7): 1305-1309, 2018 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29223669

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Silicone and metallic stents are not effective in children with tracheobronchial stenosis or tracheomalacia. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestations and histological reaction of rabbit trachea to the presence of a new poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with polyisoprene (PLGA/PI) polymer absorbable stent. METHODS: Fourteen adult white rabbits (weight, 3.0-3.5kg) were randomly assigned to three groups: Group I (n=6): PLGA/PI spiral stent; Group II (n=6): PLGA/PI fragment; and Group III (n=2): controls. After a longitudinal incision on three cervical tracheal rings, the stents and fragments were inserted into the trachea and fixed onto the lateral wall with nonabsorbable sutures. RESULTS: The stented group showed significantly more stridor at rest (p=0.0041), agitation (p=0.014), and use of accessory muscles (p=0.0002) and required more emergency endoscopies than the fragment group. Further, it showed significantly more remarkable histological inflammatory damage than the fragment and control groups (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The new PLGA/PI polymeric stent implanted into the trachea of rabbits caused more clinical manifestations and histologically verified inflammatory reaction than the PLGA/PI polymeric fragment. Future studies should be aimed at reducing the stent-wall thickness.


Subject(s)
Absorbable Implants , Stents , Trachea/surgery , Absorbable Implants/adverse effects , Animals , Endoscopy , Male , Polyesters , Polymers , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Prosthesis Design , Rabbits , Random Allocation , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Stents/adverse effects , Trachea/pathology , Tracheal Stenosis/surgery
4.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 22(supl.5): S50-S54, 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-987007

ABSTRACT

A doença inflamatória pélvica (DIP) consiste em espectro de infecções do trato genital superior que inclui: endometrite, salpingite, abscesso tubo-ovariano e/ou peritonite pélvica. Constitui-se em infecção polimicrobiana do trato genital superior feminino devido à sua contaminação pelos microrganismos do endocérvice e da vagina. São fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de DIP: idade entre 15-24 anos, vida sexual ativa, múltiplos parceiros, inserção de dispositivo intra-uterino (DIU) há menos de 20 dias e história pregressa de DIP. Procedimentos e cirurgias pélvicos com manipulação de canal cervical podem predispor à infecção por alterarem a barreira cervical protetora. A DIP é um dos processos infecciosos mais frequentes nas mulheres em idade reprodutiva e é entidade de difícil diagnóstico devido às manifestações clínicas diversas. O diagnóstico é muito provável diante de dor à palpação cervical, uterina e/ou de anexos, acompanhados de febre, corrimento vaginal mucopurulento ou leucorreia, sangramento intermenstrual e pós-coito, dispareunia, disúria e polaciúria. O tratamento da DIP deve prover antibioticoterapia empírica de amplo espectro para os patógenos mais prováveis: N. gonorrhoeae e C. trachomatis, pois o rastreamento negativo para esses organismos não exclui infecção do trato reprodutivo superior. A precocidade das medidas terapêuticas é importante na prevenção de sequelas de longo prazo e a opção por tratamento ambulatorial ou hospitalar deve ser baseada no julgamento médico. Parceiros sexuais de mulheres com DIP devem ser examinados e tratados caso tenham tido relação sexual com a paciente nos 60 dias anteriores ao aparecimento dos sintomas. O rastreamento e tratamento da infecção por clamídia em mulheres sexualmente ativas diminui o risco de elas contraírem DIP. Grávidas com suspeita de DIP devem ser internadas para receber tratamento parenteral. Não foram estabelecidas diferenças nas manifestações clínicas da DIP em mulheres soropositivas e negativas para o HIV. Ambos os grupos respondem igualmente bem aos tratamentos parenteral e oral. (AU)


Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) consists in a spectrum of upper genital tract infections including: endometritis, salpingitis, tube-ovarian abscess and / or pelvic peritonitis. It constitutes polymicrobial infection of upper female genital tract because of its contamination by microrganisms from the vagina and endocervix. Risk factors for the development of PID are: aged 15-24 years, sexual activity, multiple partners, insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) for less than 20 days and a history of PID. Procedures and pelvic surgery with manipulation of the cervical canal may predispose to infection by altering the cervical protective barrier. PID is one of the most common infectious processes in women in reproductive age and it is an entity of difficult diagnosis due to the diverse clinical manifestations. The diagnosis is most likely on painful palpation of the cervix, uterus or attachments, accompanied by fever, depurulent vaginal discharge or leukorrhea, intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding, dyspareunia, dysuria and pollakiuria. The treatment of PID should provide broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy for the most likely pathogens: N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis, because negative screening for these organisms does not exclude infection of the upper reproductive tract. The early therapeutic measures are important in preventing long-term sequelae and the option for outpatient or hospital treatment should be based on medical judgment. Sexual partners of women with PID should be examined and treated if they had sexual relations with the patient 60 days prior to the onset of symptoms. Screening and treatment of chlamydial infection in sexually active women decreases the risk of them contracting PID. Pregnant women with suspected PID should be hospitalized to receive parenteral treatment. No differences were found in clinical manifestations of PID in women seropositive and negative for HIV. Both groups respond equally well to parenteral and oral treatments. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/diagnosis , Intrauterine Devices , Peritonitis/complications , Salpingitis/complications , HIV Infections/complications , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/drug therapy , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/epidemiology , Levonorgestrel , Copper , Endometritis/complications , Infusions, Parenteral
5.
J Periodontol ; 82(11): 1608-15, 2011 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21417589

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory stimuli activate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a variety of cell types, including osteoclasts (OC) and osteoblasts, resulting in sustained NO production. In this study, we evaluate the alveolar bone loss in rats with periodontitis under long-term iNOS inhibition, and the differentiation and activity of OC from iNOS-knockout (KO) mice in vitro. METHODS: Oral aminoguanidine (an iNOS inhibitor) or water treatment was started 2 weeks before induction of periodontitis. Rats were sacrificed 3, 7, or 14 days after ligature placement, and alveolar bone loss was evaluated. In vitro OC culture experiments were also performed to study the differentiation of freshly isolated bone marrow cells from both iNOS KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice. OC were counted 6 days later after tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining (a marker of osteoclast identity), and bone resorption activity was assessed by counting the number of resorption pits on dentin disks. RESULTS: Rats with ligature showed progressive and significant alveolar bone loss compared to sham animals, and aminoguanidine treatment significantly inhibited ligature-induced bone loss at 7 and 14 days after the induction. In comparison to bone marrow cells from wild-type mice, cells from iNOS KO mice showed decreased OC growth and the resulting OC covered a smaller culture dish area and generated fewer resorption pit counts. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that iNOS inhibition prevents alveolar bone loss in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis, thus confirming that iNOS-derived NO plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, probably by stimulating OC differentiation and activity.


Subject(s)
Alveolar Bone Loss/enzymology , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Osteoclasts/metabolism , Periodontitis/complications , Alveolar Bone Loss/complications , Animals , Bone Resorption/complications , Bone Resorption/enzymology , Cells, Cultured , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Guanidines/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/drug effects , Osteoclasts/cytology , Periodontitis/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar
6.
Arch Oral Biol ; 56(1): 41-7, 2011 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20864089

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: in this study we have assessed the renal and cardiac consequences of ligature-induced periodontitis in both normotensive and nitric oxide (NO)-deficient (L-NAME-treated) hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: oral L-NAME (or water) treatment was started two weeks prior to induction of periodontitis. Rats were sacrificed 3, 7 or 14 days after ligature placement, and alveolar bone loss was evaluated radiographically. Thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS; a lipid peroxidation index), protein nitrotyrosine (NT; a marker of protein nitration) and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO; a neutrophil marker) were determined in the heart and kidney. RESULTS: in NO-deficient hypertensive rats, periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss was significantly diminished. In addition, periodontitis-induced cardiac NT elevation was completely prevented by L-NAME treatment. On the other hand L-NAME treatment enhanced MPO production in both heart and kidneys of rats with periodontitis. No changes due to periodontitis were observed in cardiac or renal TBARS content. CONCLUSIONS: in addition to mediating alveolar bone loss, NO contributes to systemic effects of periodontitis in the heart and kidney.


Subject(s)
Free Radical Scavengers/antagonists & inhibitors , Hypertension/metabolism , Kidney/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/antagonists & inhibitors , Periodontitis/metabolism , Alveolar Bone Loss/diagnostic imaging , Alveolar Bone Loss/metabolism , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Heart/drug effects , Kidney/drug effects , Male , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Periodontitis/diagnostic imaging , Peroxidase/analysis , Radiography , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis , Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives , Tyrosine/analysis
7.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 82(2): 521-537, June 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548431

ABSTRACT

Bed aerators designed to increase air void ratio are used to prevent cavitation and related damages in spillways. Air entrained in spillway discharges also increases the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water, which can be important for the downstream fishery. This study considers results from a systematic series of measurements along the jet formed by a bed aerator, involving concentration profiles, pressure profiles, velocity fields and corresponding air discharges. The experimental results are, then, compared, with results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with the aim of predicting the air discharge numerically. Comparisons with jet lengths and the air entrainment coefficients from the literature are also made. It is shown that numerical predictive tools furnish air discharges comparable to measured values. However, if more detailed predictions are desired, verification experiments are still necessary.


Aeradores de fundo projetados para aumentar a concentração de ar são utilizados para previnir a cavitação e danos dela derivados em vertedouros. O oxigênio contido na água também é um parâmetro relevante para garantir alta qualidade das águas a jusante do vertedouro, com reflexos na qualidade ambiental. Equações e critérios de projeto existentes ainda são considerados aproximados, mostrando a necessidade de mais estudos para elucidar os mecanismos que governam o carreamento de ar. Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma série sistemática de medidas de concentração de ar ao longo da superfície inferior do jato de um aerador de fundo, juntamente com medidas pertinentes de descargas de ar e campos de velocidade da água. Foram feitas comparações com resultados da literatura, considerando perfis de concentração ao longo do jato do aerador até a região de jusante. As medições sob condições controladas forneceram informações necessárias para testar resultados numéricos de aeração obtidos em simulações desses escoamentos, utilizando mecânica dos fluidos computacional (CFD). Mostra-se que ferramentas numéricas preditivas fornecem vazões de ar comparáveis aos valores medidos. Também é concluído que, se detalhes são necessários, experimentos são ainda úteis.

8.
Periodontia ; 17(4): 60-64, dez. 2007. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-524111

ABSTRACT

A principal causa da gengivite é o acúmulo de placa bacteriana que pode ser evitada com a utilização de meios preventivos mecânicos e químicos. A clorexidina é um agente químico de amplo espectro antibacteriano. O objetivo do estudo foi a avaliação dos efeitos clínicos da clorexidina na saúde gengival, por meio de sua ação antibacteriana no controle da gengivite, em pacientes que apresentam pouca higienização da cavidade bucal no Distrito de São Carlos - Porto Velho – RO. Através do Projeto NAPRA (Núcleo de Apoio a População Ribeirinhada Amazônia) foram selecionados 15 voluntários com gengivite, que foram divididos em grupo controle (cinco voluntários) e grupo clorexidina (10 voluntários). Para o grupo clorexidina foi administrado fármaco a base de clorexidina (Periogard® Colgate) e ao grupo controle foi administrado placebo (água). Os grupos foram monitorados a cada cinco dias, através de exames físicos e Índice Gengival de Lõe, durante um período de 15 dias. Antes do início do estudo, tanto o grupo estudo como o grupo controle encontravam-se equilibrados estatisticamente quanto à média de Índice Gengival de Lõe. Foi observado que o uso de clorexidina por um periodo de 10 dias reduziu e controlou significantemente a gengivite em pacientes que apresentavam higiene bucal deficiente, através de sua ação antibacteriana.


Subject(s)
Chlorhexidine , Gingivitis , Periodontal Index
9.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 25(1): 15-18, jan-fev. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-502170

ABSTRACT

A hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) secundária à ruptura de varizesesofágicaspor hipertensão portal é condição dramática e freqüente nas unidades de emergência. A intervenção médica imediata e a presença de uma equipe multidisciplinar são fatores que podem melhorar as perspectivas quanto ao prognóstico. Na maioria das vezes, a cirrose hepática e a esquistossomose mansônica na forma hepatesplênica são as doenças envolvidas na gênese da hipertensão portal. Causas raras de hipertensão portal devem ser lembradas, principalmente quando antecedentes de esquistossomose e estigmas de insuficiência hepatocítica estão ausentes no exame clínico. É descrito um caso de paciente jovem, do sexo masculino, que deu entrada ao PS com HDA maciça por sangramento de varizes de esôfago, sem melhora com tratamento farmacológico e tamponamento com balão esofágico. Não apresentava sinais clínicos ou laboratoriais de insuficiência hepatocítica, nem tampouco antecedentes de esquistossomose. Possuía história pregressa de trauma abdominal fechado. Após investigação com US-dopplere angiografia abdominal, foi diagnosticada fístula arterioportal intra-hepática com hipertensão portal por hiperfluxo. Optou-se por tratamento endovascular através de embolização da comunicação fistulosa com molas metálicas e GelFoam@.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Angiography , Arteriovenous Fistula , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage , Hypertension, Portal , Embolization, Therapeutic , Resuscitation , Somatostatin
10.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-6006

ABSTRACT

A cidade de Lagoa Santa fornece aos seus habitantes serviços de atenção primária e secundária. Entre os serviços de atenção primária, a Equipe de Saúde da Família (ESF) Várzea. Durante reunião de equipe do ESF observou-se a inexistência de dados referentes à população portadora de doenças crônicas por ela assistida. As doenças crônicas estão entre as principais causas de morte no mundo. Entre elas encontramos a hipertensão arterial, a diabetes mellitus e a doença renal crônica. Por esse motivo julgamos necessário a criação de um plano de ação que auxilie no cadastramento e estratificação de risco dessa população, permitindo organizar os processos de trabalho da equipe de forma a atender as demandas da população. Para tanto foi realizado um diagnóstico situacional seguido de revisão bibliográfica priorizando o planejamento estratégico voltado para o cadastramento e estratificação de riscos dos usuários portadores de doenças crônicas da área de atuação da ESF Várzea. O projeto de intervenção busca solucionar as dificuldades encontradas, criando propostas para o enfrentamento do problema. Durante a revisão bibliográfica identificou-se que intervenções amplas e custo-efetivas de promoção, prevenção e a criação de planos assistenciais individuais e coletivos podem melhorar a assistência prestada e, principalmente, a situação de saúde da população, além de trazer a atenção primária para o centro da rede de atenção à saúde, sendo esta a responsável pela coordenação dos cuidados.


Subject(s)
Health Services , Family Health , Primary Health Care , Chronic Disease
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