ABSTRACT
Evaluar y conocer la salud bucal en personas mayores institucionalizadas, residentes en la ciudad de Lima. Se trabaj¢ en dos centros geri tricos ubicados en dos distritos de la ciudad de Lima. Material y mtodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 24 personas. Se realiz¢ la recopilaci¢n de los datos sociodemogr ficos mediante un cuestionario, una percepci¢n del evaluador sobre el estado de salud extra oral, ATM, estado de las mucosas, presencia y estado de la pr¢tesis dental, frecuencia del cepillado y una percepci¢n de la persona sobre su estado de salud bucodental. Adem s, se aplic¢ el test de Pfeiffer para verificar su estado de orientaci¢n y lucidez, el ¡ndice de Eichner para la oclusi¢n, el ¡ndice diente cariado perdido obturado (CPOD) y el ¡ndice de higiene oral simplificado (IHOS). Resultados. El 33,33% present¢ caries dental, mientras el 66,67% era edntulo. El promedio del CPOD fue de 27,66. Y el ¡ndice IHOS el 50,00% era malo, teniendo presente que 41,67% era edntulo parcial o total. Se tuvo la percepci¢n que el 62,50 % ten¡a una salud bucal regular. Seg£n el ¡ndice de Eichner, registrando contacto en premolares y molares, encontramos que el 83,33% estaba en la escala C. En el test de Pfeifer, para conocer el estado de lucidez y orientaci¢n de las personas encontramos que el 41,67% present¢ una funci¢n intelectual intacta. Conclusiones. El estado de salud bucal de los pacientes institucionalizados se encuentra bajo una perspectiva mala, teniendo como premisa que a mayor edad, mayor el edentulismo, sin embargo, la ausencia de piezas dentarias no ha sido condicionante para que las personas sean portadoras de pr¢tesis dentales.
To evaluate and know the oral health of institutionalized elderly residents in the city of Lima. We worked in two elderly homes located in two districts of the city of Lima. Material and methods. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 24 people. Collection of demographic data was made through a questionnaire, a perception of the evaluator on the extra oral health status, ATM, mucosal status, presence and denture status, frequency of brushing and person perception about its performance of their oral health status. Furthermore Pfeiffer test was applied to verify the status of guidance and clarity; Eichner index for occlusion, the index lost sealed carious tooth (DMFT) and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI). Results. 33.33% presented dental caries, while 66.67% were edentulous. The average of DMFT was 27.66. And the OHI index 50.00% was bad, considering that 41.67% were partially or totally edentulous. Perception that 62.50% had a regular oral health were reported. According to Eichner index, recording contact in premolars and molars, found that 83.33% were in level C. The test Pfeifer, to know the state of alertness and orientation of people find that 41.67% had an intact intellectual function. Conclusions. The oral health status of institutionalized patients is under a bad perspective, with the premise that the older ones had more edentulism, however the lack of teeth has not been conditioning for people to carry dentures.