Typology of the antegonial notch in the human mandible.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment for serious malocclusions and fractures of the organ of mastication is a golden standard in medicine. Procedures performed on the mandible require detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the organ. Antegonial notching constitutes a serious technical challenge for surgeons. Therefore, a detailed anatomical description of this structure, which is the subject of this paper, is essential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed 251 human Caucasian mandibles of identified sex and took measurements of all sections describing the mandibular antegonial notch. Depending on the proportion between sections we classified the shape of the antegonial notch into three types. The surface area of the notch was calculated. We analysed the dimorphic and bilateral differences for each of the three types of notch. We used variance analysis for the assessment of statistical difference. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that in both men and women, regardless of body side, the type 3 antegonial notch was the most frequent. Type 3 occurred with a frequency of between 38% in men on the right side and 55.9% in women on the left side of the body. Type 1 was the least frequent. Dimorphic differences in the presence of individual types of antegonial notch were statistically significant only for the left side of the body. The symmetrical type (type 2) occurred more frequently in men (by 11%) than in women. Type 3 was found more frequently in women (by 10%) than in men. Bilateral differences in men were revealed for the frequencies of types 1 and 3. On the right side type 1 was more frequent (by 8%), and on the left side type 3 was also more frequent (by 8%). The greatest surface area was found for the asymmetrical posterior type (type 1). The smallest surface area was found for the asymmetrical anterior type 3. This difference was statistically significant with respect to the surface area of types 1 and type 2 and found for both sexes for both sides of the body. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the surface areas of types 1 or 2. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the preangular notch anatomy can be useful for surgeons during reconstructive and plastic procedures on the body of the mandible.

Anatomical analysis of preangular mandibular notch in humans.

The authors have analysed in detail the mandibular preangular notch on the basis of 273 human cadaver mandibles. They have revealed that the pregonial notch is present in almost 90% of cases and that it is generally asymmetric and elliptical in shape. The depth and length of the anterior part of the notch is greater in males. Moreover, the preangular notch depth is greater on the right side (regardless of sex). Knowledge of the preangular notch anatomy can be useful for surgeons during reconstructive and plastic procedures on the mandibular shaft.

Mandible measurements in aspect of some muscles attachment.

The paper deals with a part of anatomical research in aspect of clinical evaluation of lowering mandible muscles attachments (mylohyoid m, digastric m, geniohyoid m.) and genioglossus muscle. The research was conducted on 183 adult males and 117 females crania. The variance analysis of Tukey's revealed, that crania traits established on the basis of statistical parameters of breadth-length index, and visceral cranium height-breadth index, are significant. In order to establish statistical characteristics of examined traits, including into research sexual dimorphism and bilateral differences is also very important.

Development of ascending colon in human fetal period.

On the material of 178 fetuses of both sexes, ascending colon development in fetal period was studied. Variability of its measurements, shapes as well as of peritoneal and topographic proportions were traced.

Relationship between the intervertebral foramina and the spinal nerves at the level of C4-T2 of the human fetal vertebral column.

In 80 human fetuses of both sexes, aged 4 to 7 months the spatiality of the intervertebral foramina and the area of the cross-section of the spinal nerves at the level of C4-T2 of the vertebral column were investigated. It was found that the narrowness of the intervertebral foramen is not related to the sex of fetus. The most probable places for such narrowness are intervertebral foramina C4-C5 and T1-T2 on the right side and C7-T1 on the left side.

[Structure of antero-posterior spinal curvatures in manual workers in relation to their occupations]. / Uksztaltowanie przednio-tylnych krzywizn kregoslupa u pracowników fizycznych w zaleznosci od wykonywanego zawodu.

The authors examined spondylometrically 1572 (648 men and 924 women) labourers of the FAEL factory in Zabkowice Slaskie. Sixteen spondylometric features were taken into account. The results were analysed by generally adopted statistical methods. Calculations were made for men and women separately. The subjects were divided into those performing their work in sitting and standing positions. Furthermore, the workplace of each worker was examined. The studies demonstrated a considerable correlation between the antero-posterior curvatures of the spine and specific workplaces.