Hidradenocarcinoma en miembro inferior: reporte de caso y revision de literatura / Hydradenocarcinoma in lower member: case report and review of literature

RESUMEN Objetivo : Presentación de un caso, consistente en una lesión tumoral, compatible con hidradenocarcinoma, desarrollado en un paciente joven, y revisión de la literatura referida a la entidad mencionada. Métodos : Se valora en el servicio de dermatología un paciente de 17 años con una lesión de crecimiento progresivo, localizada en tercio medio de la pierna derecha, la cual a la inspección muestra secreción hialina y sangrado, manifestando prurito como síntoma ocasional, al inicio de la lesión. Se decide tomar biopsia de la lesión para confirmar diagnóstico. Resultados : Se hace diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de hidradenocarcinoma siendo este un tumor raro maligno, originado en glándulas sudoríparas que se localiza cualquier parte del cuerpo, el cual en la mayoría de los casos se ha descrito como de origen ecrino. Conclusiones : Aunque no es una patología frecuente tiene altas tasas de recurrencia y riesgo de metástasis. Por lo tanto, es importante considerarla siempre como uno de los diagnósticos diferenciales, y de esa manera ofrecer un oportuno tratamiento quirúrgico, con márgenes amplios de resección.

SUMMARY Objective : Presentation of a case report, consisting of a tumor lesion, compatible with hydradenocarcinoma, developed in a young patient, and review of the literature referring to the mentioned entity. Methods : A 17-year-old patient with a progressive growth lesion, located in the middle third of the right leg, was evaluated in the dermatology service, which upon inspection showed hyaline secretion and bleeding, manifesting pruritus as an occasional symptom. A skin biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Results : A clinical and histopathological diagnosis of hydradenocarcinoma is made, this being a rare and malignant tumor originating in sweat glands that is located anywhere in the body, which in most cases has been described as of eccrine origin. Conclusions : Although it is not a frequent pathology, it has high recurrence rates and risk of metastasis. Therefore, it is important to always consider it as one of the differential diagnoses, and thus offer timely surgical treatment, with wide resection margins.

Enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico de la eosinofilia. A propósito de un caso / Diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilia. A case report

La eosinofilia es el aumento del número total de eosinófilos por encima de 500/μl. En la edad pediátrica la causa más frecuente es la parasitosis por helmintos; otras causas frecuentes son la ingesta de algunos fármacos y las enfermedades alérgicas. Presentamos el caso de una niña de cinco años con dolor abdominal y analítica con eosinofilia moderada en repetidas ocasiones, sin causa secundaria aparente y con normalidad en el resto de las pruebas complementarias realizadas en el centro de salud y en el hospital de referencia. Ante una eosinofilia persistente sin causa secundaria que la explique y con normalidad de las pruebas complementarias indicadas, se recomienda tratamiento empírico con antiparasitarios (AU)

Eosinophilia is the increased number of eosinophils above 500/μl. The most common cause in pediatric patients is parasitic worm disease; other common causes are ingestion of some drugs and allergic diseases. We present the case of a five year old girl with abdominal pain and moderate eosinophilia in repeated ocasions, without apparent secondary cause, and with normality in other complementary tests in the health center and in the reference hospital. In case of persistent eosinophilia without secondary causes and normal complementary tests, empiric antiparasitic therapy is recommended (AU)

[Wavelet analysis and its application in investigation of brain potentials during verbal task solving].

The components of event-related brain potentials during verbal tasks were investigated with the help of a new method--wavelet analysis. Using this method in 415 ms from the beginning of the stimulus maximum values of the higher frequent components were revealed in the left parietal zone. During a repetition of verbal task a tendency for a decrease of amplitude values of the higher frequent components was observed.

Encefalomielitis aguda diseminada: hallazgos típicos imaginológicos: presentación de caso / Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: typical radiologic findings: case report

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 28 años de edad que desarrolla síntomas neurológicos con posterioridad a un episodio clásico de dengue. El examen físico reveló ausencia de fiebre y focalización neurológica, y un estado mental alterado (Glasgow 12/15). La imagen por resonancia magnética confirmó el diagnóstico de encefalomielitis aguda diseminada. La paciente recibió tratamiento con corticoesteroides y mostró mejoría clínica. La encefalomielitis aguda diseminada (ADEM) se define clásicamente como un síndrome unifásico que se presenta en asociación con una infección viral sistémica (encefalomielitis parainfecciosa) o con una vacunación o inmunización (encefalomielitis postvacunal). Desde el punto de vista patológico, hay inflamación perivascular, edema y desmielinización del sistema nervioso central. En cuanto a la clínica, los pacientes presentan disfunción neurológica focal o multifocal de rápido desarrollo. El tratamiento de la adem tiene por objeto suprimir la inflamación cerebral mediante agentes antiinflamatorios, como los corticoesteroides endovenosos.

Isolated long-head triceps brachii tendon avulsion in a surfer detected at MR imaging.

We report a case of a rare isolated avulsion of the long head of the triceps tendon detected at magnetic resonance (MR) examination occurring in a 35-year-old male surfer. Isolated long-head triceps tendon avulsions have rarely been reported and, to our knowledge, the MR findings have not previously been described in the world literature.

Actividad antioxidante y contenido fenólico de los extractos provenientes de las bayas de dos especies del género Vismia(Guttiferae) / Antioxidant activity and phenolic content obtained from berries extracts of two species of Vismia genus (Guttiferae)

El material vegetal resultante del secado y molienda de las bayas de Vismia baccifera ssp. ferruginea y V. guianensis colectado en el Parque Regional Arví (Antioquia,Col.), se extrajo mediante percolación sucesiva con éter de petróleo, acetato de etilo y metanol. A los extractos se les determinó el rendimiento,contenido de fenoles totales y la capacidad captadora de radicales mediante los metodos de decoloración del DPPH· y ABTS·+. La mayor actividad captadora de radicales y el más alto contenido de compuestos fenólicos correspondieron al extracto en acetato de etilo, seguido por el éter de petróleo. Mediante sucesivos fraccionamientos cromatográficos de los extractos activos se aislaron,los antranoides prenilados ferruginina A (1) y y-hidroxiferruginina (2), y la antraquinona vismiaquinona A (3), cuya eludación estructural fue llevada a cabo por métodos espectroscópicos y por comparación con los datos reportados en la literatura. Los datos obtenidos en los modelos in vitro establecen claramente el potencial antioxidante de los extractos de Vismia baccifera ssp. ferruginea y V. guianensis ; esta actividad posiblemente está asociada con las características químicas de los metabolitos aislados

[Prisos and inmates population in Venezuela]. / Las cárceles y población reclusa en Venezuela.

Despite the importance of prison issues in Latin America, there is little in the way of detailed local studies or recommendations on the subject. This article sets out to describe the situation concerning prisons and inmates in Venezuela. Data for this study was compiled from documentary sources and visits to a number of Venezuelan prisons from 1998 to 2006 as part of the Health Conference of the Programa Penitenciario de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, (Central University of Venezuela Prison Program). The program's aim was to make contributions towards research on the prison environment at national and regional levels that might serve as a precedent for further study of the problems and issues that exist, and promote and implement possible solutions.

[HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis infection in inmates of Venezuela's prisons, 1998-2001]. / Infección por VIH, Hepatitis B y Sífilis en reclusos de centros penitenciarios de Venezuela, 1998-2001.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and syphilis amongst inmates during the time period 1998-2001. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out at 6 prisons using a volunteer sample of 1773 inmates. Blood samples were gathered and analysed using enzyme linked immunoassays (ELISA) and RPR screening tests to identify the presence of HIV antibodies, Hepatitis B anti-core antibodies and treponema pallidum. RESULTS: 456 cases gave a positive response to tests, 70 (4,0%) of which gave positive results for HIV, 280 (16,2%) for Hepatitis B and 106 (6,1%) for syphilis. The greatest percentage of HIV cases were found amongst the youngest inmates (18 to 37 years). The number of Hepatitis B cases increased progressively in line with age until reaching a maximum percentage in the 48-57 age group. No significant statistical difference for age was observed in syphilis cases, but differences were found amongst HIV positive and Hepatitis B cases for age, length of sentence and number of prisons where inmate resided.

Infección por VIH, Hepatitis B y Sífilis en reclusos de centros penitenciarios de Venezuela, 1998 - 2001 / HIV, Hepatitis B and Syphylis infection in inmates of Venezuela’s prisons, 1998 - 2001

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de VIH, Hepatitis B y Sífilis en reclusos durante el período 1998-2001.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal realizado en 6 centros penitenciarios con una muestra de1.773 reclusos voluntarios. Se recolectaron y analizaron muestras sanguíneas para la identificación de anticuerpos contrael VIH, anti core de la Hepatitis B y Treponema pallidum a través de inmunoensayos enzimáticos (ELISA) y RPR,respectivamente.Resultados: Se obtuvieron 456 casos positivos de los cuales 70 (4,0%) correspondieron a VIH, 280 (16,2%) para HepatitisB y 106 (6,1%) para Sífilis. El mayor porcentaje de casos VIH positivos se ubica en los reclusos más jóvenes (18 a 37años); el número de casos de Hepatitis B aumentó progresivamente con la edad hasta alcanzar un porcentaje máximo en elgrupo de 48-57 años; no se observó diferencia estadística significativa en los casos de sífilis con relación a la edad pero si entrelos casos positivos para VIH y Hepatitis B en relación con la edad, tiempo y número de centros de reclusión (AU)

Objective: To determine the prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and syphilis amongst inmates during the time period 1998-2001.Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out at 6 prisons using a volunteer sample of 1773 inmates.Blood samples were gathered and analysed using enzyme linked immunoassays (ELISA) and RPR screening tests toidentify the presence of HIV antibodies, Hepatitis B anti-core antibodies and treponema pallidum.Results: 456 cases gave a positive response to tests, 70 (4,0%) of which gave positive results for HIV, 280 (16,2%) forHepatitis B and 106 (6,1%) for syphilis. The greatest percentage of HIV cases were found amongst the youngest inmates (18to 37 years). The number of Hepatitis B cases increased progressively in line with age until reaching a maximum percentagein the 48-57 age group. No significant statistical difference for age was observed in syphilis cases, but differences were foundamongst HIV positive and Hepatitis B cases for age, length of sentence and number of prisons where inmate resided (AU)

Las cárceles y población reclusa en Venezuela / Prisons and inmates population in Venezuela

A pesar de la importancia de los asuntos penitenciarios, en América Latina existen pocos estudios comprensivos y recomendacionesregionales con relación a este contexto. En este trabajo se describen las características de las cárceles y los reclusosen Venezuela, información recopilada a través de revisión documental y en visitas realizadas desde 1998-2006 a diferentespenales venezolanos, en el marco de las Jornadas de Salud insertas en el Programa Penitenciario de la Universidad Centralde Venezuela, con el propósito de realizar un aporte que sirva como antecedente nacional y regional para la investigaciónen el ámbito penitenciario, que permita avanzar en el estudio de sus problemas y en la promoción e implementación de posiblessoluciones (AU)

Despite the importance of prison issues in Latin America, there is little in the way of detailed local studies or recommendationson the subject. This article sets out to describe the situation concerning prisons and inmates in Venezuela. Datafor this study was compiled from documentary sources and visits to a number of Venezuelan prisons from 1998 to 2006 aspart of the Health Conference of the Programa Penitenciario de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, (Central Universityof Venezuela Prison Program). The program’s aim was to make contributions towards research on the prison environmentat national and regional levels that might serve as a precedent for further study of the problems and issues that exist, and promoteand implement possible solutions (AU)

Infección por VIH, Hepatitis B y Sífilis en reclusos decentros penitenciarios de Venezuela, 1998-2001 / HIV, Hepatitis B and Syphilis infection in inmates of Venezuela's prisons, 1998-2001

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de VIH, Hepatitis B y Sífilis en reclusos durante el período 1998-2001.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal realizado en 6 centros penitenciarios con una muestra de1.773 reclusos voluntarios. Se recolectaron y analizaron muestras sanguíneas para la identificación de anticuerpos contrael VIH, anti core de la Hepatitis B y Treponema pallidum a través de inmunoensayos enzimáticos (ELISA) y RPR,respectivamente.Resultados: Se obtuvieron 456 casos positivos de los cuales 70 (4,0%) correspondieron a VIH, 280 (16,2%) para HepatitisB y 106 (6,1%) para Sífilis. El mayor porcentaje de casos VIH positivos se ubica en los reclusos más jóvenes (18 a 37años); el número de casos de Hepatitis B aumentó progresivamente con la edad hasta alcanzar un porcentaje máximo en elgrupo de 48-57 años; no se observó diferencia estadística significativa en los casos de sífilis con relación a la edad pero si entrelos casos positivos para VIH y Hepatitis B en relación con la edad, tiempo y número de centros de reclusión (AU)

Objective: To determine the prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and syphilis amongst inmates during the time period 1998-2001.Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out at 6 prisons using a volunteer sample of 1773 inmates.Blood samples were gathered and analysed using enzyme linked immunoassays (ELISA) and RPR screening tests toidentify the presence of HIV antibodies, Hepatitis B anti-core antibodies and treponema pallidum.Results: 456 cases gave a positive response to tests, 70 (4,0%) of which gave positive results for HIV, 280 (16,2%) forHepatitis B and 106 (6,1%) for syphilis. The greatest percentage of HIV cases were found amongst the youngest inmates (18to 37 years). The number of Hepatitis B cases increased progressively in line with age until reaching a maximum percentagein the 48-57 age group. No significant statistical difference for age was observed in syphilis cases, but differences were foundamongst HIV positive and Hepatitis B cases for age, length of sentence and number of prisons where inmate resided (AU)

Estudio anatomopatológico de válvulas aórticas porcinas para la elaboración de bioprótesis cardíacas / Anatomopathologic study of aortic swine valves for heart bioprothesis

En el ámbito mundial, las investigaciones sobre la patología valvular porcina se limitan casi enteramente a la válvula mitral y existe muy poca información sobre alteraciones   de la válvula aórtica. Las válvulas aórticas porcinas son utilizadas comúnmente como bioimplantes en humanos. Por esta razón en este estudio se propusieron los siguientes objetivos: caracterizar la patología valvular aórtica en cerdos seleccionados para la elaboración de bioprótesis valvulares cardíacas, discutir los mecanismos involucrados en el desarrollo de dichas lesiones y analizar los criterios de selección para determinar la confiabilidad del implante. Para esto se recolectaron al azar 50 corazones con lesiones evidentes de la válvula aórtica y 50 sin lesiones evidentes. Las válvulas se procesaron por el método histopatológico de rutina y se realizaron las tinciones de Hematoxilina-Eosina y azul alciano-PAS. Los resultados se evaluaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencia estadística; además, se realizó un análisis mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado utilizando el programa SPSS versión 1.0 para determinar asociaciones entre las variables macroscópicas y microscópicas. Las lesiones microscópicas y su frecuencia en los dos grupos estudiados fueron, respectivamente, las siguientes: trastornos vasculares 84 por ciento y 38 por ciento; endocardiosis 80 por ciento y 4 por ciento; fenestraciones 48 por ciento, únicamente en las que tenían lesiones obvias; valvulitis 42 por ciento y 24 por ciento. Se presentan y se correlacionan las principales alteraciones macro y microscópicas; así como los posibles mecanismos implicados en su desarrollo. Este estudio es el primero, en Colombia, que caracteriza las alteraciones patológicas de la válvula aórtica porcina.

Amiloidosis primaria asociada a un mielomaosteoesclerótico: ¿son válidos los criterios del síndrome POEMS? / Primary amyloidosis associated with osteosclerotic myeloma

No disponible

Compromiso vertebral en la displasia fibrosa poliostótica / Vertebral affectation in the polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

En la displasia fibrosa poliostótica (DFP) el compromiso anatómico usualmente es en huesos craneo-faciales, costal, femoral, pélvico y tibial. En menor proporción columna vertebral, aunque teóricamente cualquier hueso puede ser afectado e incluso comprometer más del 50 per cent del esqueleto (1).Se presenta el caso de un paciente de diez años con diagnóstico de DFP con compromiso vertebral y que requirió artrodesis posterior más instrumentación anterior de L1-L3.Cuando se hace diagnóstico de un paciente con DFP se debe realizar un estudio radiográfico de la columna vertebral para detectar tempranamente las lesiones en este sitio y proceder a un tratamiento agresivo más si hay compromiso de la estabilidad de la columna o riesgo de lesión neurológica (AU)

Anticipating incoming events: an impaired cognitive process in schizophrenia.

Intentions are central to guiding actions to their completion because they generate expectations which precede the realization of a task. This ability to manage time was investigated by using a cognitive task which involves several highly integrated processes: sequential learning, explicit processing, and working memory. In this task, participants are required to explicitly learn a repeating color sequence before receiving an instruction to give an anticipatory motor response concerning the next element. Two types of sequences (temporal and spatial) and three experimental conditions were tested in both a group of normal participants and a group of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenics were included because their condition is known to alter conscious executive function. Our results showed that schizophrenic patients have a strong deficit in performing anticipation tasks. Although they learned the sequences almost normally, their anticipatory ability was reduced in comparison to normal participants in all the tested conditions. These results expand the notion of a working memory deficit in schizophrenia and bear strong implications for understanding executive disorders observed in such patients.

Dissociative flashbacks after right frontal injury in a vietnam veteran with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

A Vietnam veteran with a combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder developed recurrent dissociative flashbacks (related to the atrocities of a specific war incident) several months after suffering a traumatic brain injury. CT disclosed a small lesion in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. SPECT demonstrated more extensive functional changes in prefrontal and anterior paralimbic brain regions, mainly in the right hemisphere. This case further implicates the provocative effect of physical stimuli (brain damage) in reawakening old dormant memories and the preferential role of the right hemisphere for the storage of traumatic memories.

Fluoride release in vitro from a resin-modified glass ionomer after exposure to NaF solutions and toothpastes.

The aims of the present investigation were: (i) to study the release of fluoride from a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer) after exposing ("recharging") the material with NaF toothpastes and NaF solutions with different fluoride concentrations, and (ii) to study the effect of covering the material with a sealant layer (glaze) in this respect. Totally 160 specimens were made, which were placed in water for 13 weeks to receive a low fluoride release value. The specimens were then randomly divided into 10 groups with 16 discs each. Five of the groups were exposed once a day for 7 days to one of the following fluoride agents: 0.05, 0.2 or 2% NaF solutions and slurries of two NaF toothpastes (Acta and Pepsodent). The other five groups received the same treatment twice a day. All treatments had a recharging effect. However, the 2% NaF solution resulted in significantly more fluoride release than the other solutions and toothpastes. Treatment twice a day gave higher total release than once a day, but the difference were only significant for the 0.2 and 2% NaF solutions. With glaze material covering the specimens, almost no fluoride release was observed. However, when the glaze was removed, a burst of fluoride occurred.

Mini-deltoid splitting rotator cuff repair: do results deteriorate with time?

To determine whether the results of arthroscopically assisted rotator cuff repair deteriorate with time, 60 shoulders were evaluated on 2 separate occasions. There were 7 small, 16 medium, 20 large, and 17 massive tears. Patients were evaluated with a detailed questionnaire that included the UCLA shoulder scale and physical examination. Average initial follow-up was at 21 months (range, 12 to 68 months), and the second follow-up was at an average of 62 months (range, 24 to 103 months); only 4 patients had a change of more than 3 points on the UCLA scoring scale. No statistically significant difference was found in pain, function, range of motion, strength score, satisfactory results (80% on both occasions), and UCLA score (30.8 v 31.4) at second follow-up. The results of our study indicate that there is no significant deterioration over time of results of rotator cuff repair using the mini-deltoid splitting technique.

Relationships between neuronal death and the cellular redox status. Focus on the developing nervous system.

During the development of the nervous system, a large number of neurons are eliminated through naturally occurring neuronal death. Many morphological and biochemical properties of such dying neurons are reminiscent of apoptosis, a type of death involving the action of genetically-programmed events but also epigenetic phenomena including oxidative stress. The following review contains three parts focusing respectively on basic knowledge of neuronal death and redox regulation, the mechanisms involved in neuronal death which are ordered in three sequential phases, and on the complex relations between neuronal fate and the redox status. Finally, we point out that oxidants are not always detrimental for neuronal survival. On the one hand, dying neurons often display signs of oxidative stress, including an elevation of their intracellular concentration of free radicals. Antioxidants may reduce the extent of neuronal death, suggesting a causal implication of free radicals in the death-process. On the other hand, at high concentrations antioxidants may lose their protective effects on developing neurons, and a non-lethal oxidative stress may potentiate the protective effects of other agents. These data suggest that free radicals, perhaps through their effects on cellular signalling pathways, may have positive effects on neuronal survival, provided that their intraneuronal concentrations are maintained at low levels. Much evidence suggests that the neuronal redox status must be maintained within a narrow range of values compatible with survival. Antioxidants may protect neurons subjected to an oxidative stress following axotomy or trophic factor-deprivation; but excessive reduction may become equally detrimental for neurons.