Epidemiological characterization of notified human brucellosis cases in Southern Brazil.

Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide, and it is transmitted to humans from various sources, including direct contact with infected animals and the ingestion of contaminated products, including unpasteurized milk. There are only a few epidemiological studies on said disease in humans in Western Santa Catarina, a region instantiated by agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological aspects of human brucellosis reported in Western Santa Catarina from 2013 to 2018. The data were provided by the Epidemiological Surveillance Board (Diretoria de Vigilancia Epidemiologica). The frequency of the disease in humans and the epidemiological profile of confirmed human cases were evaluated. Cases that were screened positive and those that were confirmed and submitted to the therapeutic protocol were analyzed. During the study period, 3,671 people were tested, of which 12.34% were screened positive (453/ 3,671) and 3.40% were confirmed (125/3,671). The year with the highest number of people testing positive was 2015 (123 cases), and 2018 was the year with the highest number of confirmed cases (39 cases). Confirmed cases predominated in males (48.8%), self-declared white (22.4%), aged 20-59 years old (60%), with incomplete primary education (22.4%), of rural origin (59.2%), with occupational contact with cattle (64.8%), engaged in professions directly linked to agricultural and livestock activities (55.5%), and who reported consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (59.2%). No seasonal variation was observed in case numbers. The results demonstrated that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Western Santa Catarina.

Epidemiological characterization of notified human brucellosis cases in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide, and it is transmitted to humans from various sources, including direct contact with infected animals and the ingestion of contaminated products, including unpasteurized milk. There are only a few epidemiological studies on said disease in humans in Western Santa Catarina, a region instantiated by agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological aspects of human brucellosis reported in Western Santa Catarina from 2013 to 2018. The data were provided by the Epidemiological Surveillance Board (Diretoria de Vigilancia Epidemiologica). The frequency of the disease in humans and the epidemiological profile of confirmed human cases were evaluated. Cases that were screened positive and those that were confirmed and submitted to the therapeutic protocol were analyzed. During the study period, 3,671 people were tested, of which 12.34% were screened positive (453/ 3,671) and 3.40% were confirmed (125/3,671). The year with the highest number of people testing positive was 2015 (123 cases), and 2018 was the year with the highest number of confirmed cases (39 cases). Confirmed cases predominated in males (48.8%), self-declared white (22.4%), aged 20-59 years old (60%), with incomplete primary education (22.4%), of rural origin (59.2%), with occupational contact with cattle (64.8%), engaged in professions directly linked to agricultural and livestock activities (55.5%), and who reported consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (59.2%). No seasonal variation was observed in case numbers. The results demonstrated that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Western Santa Catarina.

Epidemiological characterization of reported cases of brucellosis in cattle in the Western region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Caracterização epidemiológica dos casos notificados de brucelose em bovinos na região Oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonoses in the world. There are few epidemiological studies on brucellosis in cattle in the productive region of western Santa Catarina. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological aspects of bovine brucellosis reported in this region from 2013 to 2018. Cattle data were provided by the Integrated Company for Agricultural Development of Santa Catarina (Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina - CIDASC). The prevalence of the disease was evaluated in cattle and herds by means of temporal trend analysis and spatial distribution. Bovines with tests showing positive for brucellosis were analyzed for location (municipality) and year of confirmation of diagnosis. In the study period (2013-2018), 686,086 tests were performed for brucellosis, with a prevalence rate of 1.11% (7,586/686,086). Among the 80,171 herds tested, 0.95% were found to be positive (764/80171). The odds ratio of brucellosis occurrence in cattle increased significantly in 2015 (OR = 1.55) and 2016 (OR = 1.97) and decreased in 2014 (OR = 0.47) and 2017 (OR = 0.97). The disease is present in cattle in 61.07% (80/131) of the municipalities where the tests were performed. Results showed that brucellosis is endemic in the region.(AU)

A brucelose é uma das zoonoses bacterianas mais importantes e difundidas no mundo. São poucos os estudos epidemiológicos sobre a doença em bovinos na região produtiva do Oeste de Santa Catarina. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os aspectos epidemiológicos da brucelose bovina notificados nesta região entre os anos de 2013 a 2018. Os dados sobre os bovinos foram fornecidos pela Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina (CIDASC). Foram avaliadas as prevalências da doença nos bovinos e rebanhos, por meio de análise de tendência temporal e distribuição espacial. Os bovinos, cujo exame confirmatório mostrou positividade para brucelose, foram analisados quanto à localização (município) e o ano de confirmação do diagnóstico. No período de estudo (2013-2018) foram realizados 686.086 testes para brucelose, encontrando-se prevalência de 1,11% (7.586/686.086) de animais positivos, enquanto a prevalência de rebanhos positivos, dentre os 80.171 testados, foi de 0,95% (764/80171). As razões de chances de ocorrência de brucelose nos bovinos aumentaram significativamente nos anos de 2015 (OR= 1,55) e 2016 (OR= 1,97) e diminuíram em 2014 (OR= 0,47) e 2017 (OR= 0,97). A doença está presente nos bovinos em 61,07% (80/131) dos municípios em que foram realizados os testes. Os resultados demonstram que a brucelose é endêmica na região.(AU)

Epidemiological characterization of reported cases of brucellosis in cattle in the western region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Caracterização epidemiológica dos casos notificados de brucelose em bovinos na região Oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonoses in the world. There are few epidemiological studies on brucellosis in cattle in the productive region of western Santa Catarina. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological aspects of bovine brucellosis reported in this region from 2013 to 2018. Cattle data were provided by the Integrated Company for Agricultural Development of Santa Catarina (Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina - CIDASC). The prevalence of the disease was evaluated in cattle and herds by means of temporal trend analysis and spatial distribution. Bovines with tests showing positive for brucellosis were analyzed for location (municipality) and year of confirmation of diagnosis. In the study period (2013-2018), 686,086 tests were performed for brucellosis, with a prevalence rate of 1.11% (7,586/686,086). Among the 80,171 herds tested, 0.95% were found to be positive (764/80171). The odds ratio of brucellosis occurrence in cattle increased significantly in 2015 (OR = 1.55) and 2016 (OR = 1.97) and decreased in 2014 (OR = 0.47) and 2017 (OR = 0.97). The disease is present in cattle in 61.07% (80/131) of the municipalities where the tests were performed. Results showed that brucellosis is endemic in the region.

RESUMO: A brucelose é uma das zoonoses bacterianas mais importantes e difundidas no mundo. São poucos os estudos epidemiológicos sobre a doença em bovinos na região produtiva do Oeste de Santa Catarina. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os aspectos epidemiológicos da brucelose bovina notificados nesta região entre os anos de 2013 a 2018. Os dados sobre os bovinos foram fornecidos pela Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina (CIDASC). Foram avaliadas as prevalências da doença nos bovinos e rebanhos, por meio de análise de tendência temporal e distribuição espacial. Os bovinos, cujo exame confirmatório mostrou positividade para brucelose, foram analisados quanto à localização (município) e o ano de confirmação do diagnóstico. No período de estudo (2013-2018) foram realizados 686.086 testes para brucelose, encontrando-se prevalência de 1,11% (7.586/686.086) de animais positivos, enquanto a prevalência de rebanhos positivos, dentre os 80.171 testados, foi de 0,95% (764/80171). As razões de chances de ocorrência de brucelose nos bovinos aumentaram significativamente nos anos de 2015 (OR= 1,55) e 2016 (OR= 1,97) e diminuíram em 2014 (OR= 0,47) e 2017 (OR= 0,97). A doença está presente nos bovinos em 61,07% (80/131) dos municípios em que foram realizados os testes. Os resultados demonstram que a brucelose é endêmica na região.

Occurrence of brucellosis, leptospirosis and neosporosis in cows with retained placenta in Southwest Paraná, Brazil / Ocorrência de brucelose, leptospirose e neosporose em vacas com retenção de placenta no Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil

The aim of this study was to measure the occurrence of brucellosis, leptospirosis and neosporosis in cows from 25 family farms milk, with semi-intensive grazing system, located in the Southwest region of Paraná, Brazil. Eighty-four cows with retained placenta, between July 2013 to July 2014, diagnosed by the presence of fetal membranes in the uterus up to 12 hours after partum, decrease of appetite and of milk production, as well increase of rectal temperature were included into the study. The animals were submitted to blood collection for evaluating the seropositivity for brucellosis, leptospirosis and neosporosis. The blood was collected at 15 to 45 days postpartum, avoiding false negative results due to immune deficiency observed in the transition period. After collection, the blood was centrifuged, the serum was packed in three aliquots, identified and subsequently frozen. Serology was performed to diagnose brucellosis (technique of buffered acidified antigen), leptospirosis (through the microscopic agglutination test - MAT) and neosporosis (indirect immunofluorescence test). Animals were considered positive when presenting titer >1:100 (leptospirosis) and 1:200 (neosporosis). No animal with placenta retention presented Brucella abortus bacteria; 39% (33/84) were reactive to one or more Leptospira serovars, 15% (13/84) were positive to Neospora caninum, and 4% (4/84) had both diagnosis, being reactive for leptospirosis and neosporosis. In conclusion, data from this experiment inspires greater attention to leptospirosis and neosporosis in dairy cattle presenting placenta retention in southwest Paraná.(AU)

Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a ocorrência de brucelose, leptospirose e neosporose em fêmeas bovinas de 25 propriedades leiteiras de agricultura familiar, mantidas em sistema de pastejo semi-intensivo, localizadas na Região Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. Para tanto, incluiu-se nesse estudo, 84 vacas diagnosticadas com retenção de placenta (RP) pela presença parcial ou total dos anexos fetais no útero após 12 horas do parto, diminuição do apetite e da produção de leite, como também aumento da temperatura retal. Os animais foram submetidos à coleta de sangue 15 a 45 dias pós-parto, a fim de evitar resultado falso negativo devido à imunodeficiência observada no período de transição. Após coleta, o sangue foi centrifugado, o soro aliquotado em três amostras, identificado e congelado. Para o diagnóstico sorológico de Brucelose utilizou-se o exame sorológico do antígeno acidificado tamponado, de leptospirose a técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica, e neosporose pela técnica de imunofluorescência indireta. Os animais foram diagnosticados positivos quando apresentaram título igual ou superior à 1:100 (leptospirose) e 1:200 (neosporose). Em nenhum dos 84 animais com RP foi detectada a presença da bactéria Brucella abortus. Desses, 39,28% (33/84) foram reativos para um ou mais sorovares de Leptospira, 15,47% (13/84) foram positivos para Neospora caninum e 4,76% (4/84) foram reativos para sorovares de Leptospira sp. e N. caninum, concomitantemente. Em conclusão, os dados deste estudo inspiram maior atenção à leptospirose e neosporose em bovinos leiteiros que apresentam retenção de placenta no sudoeste do Paraná.(AU)

Occurrence of brucellosis, leptospirosis and neosporosis in cows with retained placenta in Southwest Paraná, Brazil / Ocorrência de brucelose, leptospirose e neosporose em vacas com retenção de placenta no Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil

The aim of this study was to measure the occurrence of brucellosis, leptospirosis and neosporosis in cows from 25 family farms milk, with semi-intensive grazing system, located in the Southwest region of Paraná, Brazil. Eighty-four cows with retained placenta, between July 2013 to July 2014, diagnosed by the presence of fetal membranes in the uterus up to 12 hours after partum, decrease of appetite and of milk production, as well increase of rectal temperature were included into the study. The animals were submitted to blood collection for evaluating the seropositivity for brucellosis, leptospirosis and neosporosis. The blood was collected at 15 to 45 days postpartum, avoiding false negative results due to immune deficiency observed in the transition period. After collection, the blood was centrifuged, the serum was packed in three aliquots, identified and subsequently frozen. Serology was performed to diagnose brucellosis (technique of buffered acidified antigen), leptospirosis (through the microscopic agglutination test - MAT) and neosporosis (indirect immunofluorescence test). Animals were considered positive when presenting titer >1:100 (leptospirosis) and 1:200 (neosporosis). No animal with placenta retention presented Brucella abortus bacteria; 39% (33/84) were reactive to one or more Leptospira serovars, 15% (13/84) were positive to Neospora caninum, and 4% (4/84) had both diagnosis, being reactive for leptospirosis and neosporosis. In conclusion, data from this experiment inspires greater attention to leptospirosis and neosporosis in dairy cattle presenting placenta retention in southwest Paraná.(AU)

Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a ocorrência de brucelose, leptospirose e neosporose em fêmeas bovinas de 25 propriedades leiteiras de agricultura familiar, mantidas em sistema de pastejo semi-intensivo, localizadas na Região Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. Para tanto, incluiu-se nesse estudo, 84 vacas diagnosticadas com retenção de placenta (RP) pela presença parcial ou total dos anexos fetais no útero após 12 horas do parto, diminuição do apetite e da produção de leite, como também aumento da temperatura retal. Os animais foram submetidos à coleta de sangue 15 a 45 dias pós-parto, a fim de evitar resultado falso negativo devido à imunodeficiência observada no período de transição. Após coleta, o sangue foi centrifugado, o soro aliquotado em três amostras, identificado e congelado. Para o diagnóstico sorológico de Brucelose utilizou-se o exame sorológico do antígeno acidificado tamponado, de leptospirose a técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica, e neosporose pela técnica de imunofluorescência indireta. Os animais foram diagnosticados positivos quando apresentaram título igual ou superior à 1:100 (leptospirose) e 1:200 (neosporose). Em nenhum dos 84 animais com RP foi detectada a presença da bactéria Brucella abortus. Desses, 39,28% (33/84) foram reativos para um ou mais sorovares de Leptospira, 15,47% (13/84) foram positivos para Neospora caninum e 4,76% (4/84) foram reativos para sorovares de Leptospira sp. e N. caninum, concomitantemente. Em conclusão, os dados deste estudo inspiram maior atenção à leptospirose e neosporose em bovinos leiteiros que apresentam retenção de placenta no sudoeste do Paraná.(AU)

Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of primary muscular peripheral T cell lymphoma in a dog

Background: Canine lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs and reveals divergent biological behaviors correlated to histopathological subtype, the immunophenotypic (T or B) and tumor stage. The multi-centric form is the most common presentation for canine lymphoma, followed by gastrointestinal and cutaneous forms. Miscellaneous forms of canine lymphoma (nasal, osseous, central nervous system and muscle) represent less than 1% of all cases. This report describes the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings detected in a dog with a primary muscular lymphoma. Case: The subject was referred to the Emergency and Critical Care Service at the Veterinary Hospital with a history of claudication in the left pelvic limb, severe dehydration, hypovolemia, vomiting and diarrhea caused by gastroenteritis associated with the use of phenylbutazone. After death, the post-mortem examination revealed ulcerative gastritis in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histopathological examination of the GIT specimens, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the left popliteal lymph node revealed no neoplastic alterations. Histological examination of semitendinosus muscle revealed proliferation of cells with round or oval nucleus, an evident pleomorphic nucleolus and scanty, eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were five to six mitosis per each 400x field. These cells infiltrated through the muscle fibers. The muscle fibers displayed marked eosinophilic sarcoplasm, loss of striations and fragmentation (degeneration). Immunohistochemical staining revealed negative reaction for CD79a and positive for CD45 and CD3. Discussion: The primary muscle lymphoma it is very rare disease and patients commonly have clinical signs related with muscle location...

Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of primary muscular peripheral T cell lymphoma in a dog

Background: Canine lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs and reveals divergent biological behaviors correlated to histopathological subtype, the immunophenotypic (T or B) and tumor stage. The multi-centric form is the most common presentation for canine lymphoma, followed by gastrointestinal and cutaneous forms. Miscellaneous forms of canine lymphoma (nasal, osseous, central nervous system and muscle) represent less than 1% of all cases. This report describes the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings detected in a dog with a primary muscular lymphoma. Case: The subject was referred to the Emergency and Critical Care Service at the Veterinary Hospital with a history of claudication in the left pelvic limb, severe dehydration, hypovolemia, vomiting and diarrhea caused by gastroenteritis associated with the use of phenylbutazone. After death, the post-mortem examination revealed ulcerative gastritis in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histopathological examination of the GIT specimens, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the left popliteal lymph node revealed no neoplastic alterations. Histological examination of semitendinosus muscle revealed proliferation of cells with round or oval nucleus, an evident pleomorphic nucleolus and scanty, eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were five to six mitosis per each 400x field. These cells infiltrated through the muscle fibers. The muscle fibers displayed marked eosinophilic sarcoplasm, loss of striations and fragmentation (degeneration). Immunohistochemical staining revealed negative reaction for CD79a and positive for CD45 and CD3. Discussion: The primary muscle lymphoma it is very rare disease and patients commonly have clinical signs related with muscle location...(AU)

Prevalencia e impacto económico del productor derivados de retención placenta en rebaño lechero de agricultura familiar, suroeste paranaense / Prevalence and economic impact of producer arising out of restraint in sheep placenta dairy of family farm, southwest paranaense / Prevalência e impacto econômico do produtor decorrente da retenção de placenta em rebanhos leiteiros da agricultura familiar, do Sudoeste Paranaense

La placenta retenida es un síndrome multifactorial caracterizado por continuar la totalidad o parte de las membranas fetales y el lumen uterino de 12 a 24 horas después del parto. En este estudio se evaluó la prevalencia, los conocimientos de los productores y el impacto económico directo de la retención de la placenta en vacas lecheras de agricultura familiar en el suroeste Paranaense. Se observaron 607 nacimientos durante un año en 25 explotaciones lecheras familiares, ubicados en cuatro municipios de la región estudiada. Considerado para el diagnóstico, retención de placenta después de 12 horas de su nacimiento. Se utilizó un cuestionario semi-estructurado para el productor de leche de todas las propiedades que registraron placenta retenida, que contiene información sobre el productor de conocimiento, la prevalencia, el tiempo de ocurrencia, vaca, y el tratamiento, la evaluación de las pérdidas directas. Los resultados mostraron que el 14,66% de las vacas había retención de placenta, el 100% de los productores de leche saben lo que es retención de placenta, los resultados de la enfermedad en daños y piden atención veterinaria. Los productores consideran placenta retenida 12 a 72 horas después del parto, lo que refleja el retraso para los cuidados veterinarios. 36% de los productores considerados factores de riesgo, sólo los relacionados con la gestión, el 12% de las [...](AU)

The retained placenta is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by continuing all or part of the fetal membranes and the uterine lumen 12 to 24 hours after birth. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence, awareness of producers and the direct economic impact of the retained placenta in dairy cows herd originated from the family farm in Southwest Paranaense. 607 births were observed for one year on 25 dairy farms of family farms, located in four municipalities of the studied region. It was considered for diagnosis, retained placenta after 12 hours of birth. A semi-structured questionnaire to the milk producer in all properties that recorded retained placenta was used, containing information about the producer of knowledge, prevalence, time of occurrence, cow, and treatment, evaluating up the direct losses. The results showed that 14.66% of the cows had retained placenta, 100% of dairy farmers know what is retained placenta, the disease results in damage and requested veterinary care. The producers considered placenta retained 12 to 72 hours after delivery, reflecting the delay for veterinary care. 36% of producers considered risk factors, only those related to management, 12% to diseases, 28% to management and to disease, 4% to diseases and factors related to animals and 8% consider the handling, diseases and animals. The average prevalence of retained placenta ranged between [...](AU)

A retenção de placenta é uma síndrome multifatorial caracterizada pela permanência de parte ou totalidade das membranas fetais no lúmen uterino de 12 a 24 horas após o parto. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a prevalência, o conhecimento dos produtores e o impacto econômico direto decorrente da retenção de placenta em vacas leiteiras oriundas de rebanho da agricultura familiar no Sudoeste Paranaense. Foram observados 607 partos, durante um ano, em 25 propriedades leiteiras de agricultura familiar localizadas em quatro municípios da Região estudada. Considerou-se para o diagnóstico, a placenta retida após 12 horas do parto. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado ao produtor de leite em todas as propriedades que registraram retenção de placenta contendo informações sobre o conhecimento do produtor, prevalência, época de ocorrência, vaca e tratamento instituído, avaliando-se os prejuízos diretos. Os resultados revelaram que 14,66% das vacas tiveram retenção de placenta, 100% dos produtores de leite souberam o que é retenção de placenta, que a enfermidade resulta em prejuízos e solicitaram atendimento veterinário. Os produtores consideraram placenta retida de 12 à 72 horas após o parto, refletindo na demora para o atendimento veterinário. 36% dos produtores consideraram fatores de risco apenas aqueles ligados ao manejo, 12% a enfermidades, 28% ao manejo e a enfermidades, 4% [...](AU)

Prevalencia e impacto económico del productor derivados de retención placenta en rebaño lechero de agricultura familiar, suroeste paranaense / Prevalence and economic impact of producer arising out of restraint in sheep placenta dairy of family farm, southwest paranaense / Prevalência e impacto econômico do produtor decorrente da retenção de placenta em rebanhos leiteiros da agricultura familiar, do Sudoeste Paranaense

La placenta retenida es un síndrome multifactorial caracterizado por continuar la totalidad o parte de las membranas fetales y el lumen uterino de 12 a 24 horas después del parto. En este estudio se evaluó la prevalencia, los conocimientos de los productores y el impacto económico directo de la retención de la placenta en vacas lecheras de agricultura familiar en el suroeste Paranaense. Se observaron 607 nacimientos durante un año en 25 explotaciones lecheras familiares, ubicados en cuatro municipios de la región estudiada. Considerado para el diagnóstico, retención de placenta después de 12 horas de su nacimiento. Se utilizó un cuestionario semi-estructurado para el productor de leche de todas las propiedades que registraron placenta retenida, que contiene información sobre el productor de conocimiento, la prevalencia, el tiempo de ocurrencia, vaca, y el tratamiento, la evaluación de las pérdidas directas. Los resultados mostraron que el 14,66% de las vacas había retención de placenta, el 100% de los productores de leche saben lo que es retención de placenta, los resultados de la enfermedad en daños y piden atención veterinaria. Los productores consideran placenta retenida 12 a 72 horas después del parto, lo que refleja el retraso para los cuidados veterinarios. 36% de los productores considerados factores de riesgo, sólo los relacionados con la gestión, el 12% de las [...]

The retained placenta is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by continuing all or part of the fetal membranes and the uterine lumen 12 to 24 hours after birth. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence, awareness of producers and the direct economic impact of the retained placenta in dairy cows herd originated from the family farm in Southwest Paranaense. 607 births were observed for one year on 25 dairy farms of family farms, located in four municipalities of the studied region. It was considered for diagnosis, retained placenta after 12 hours of birth. A semi-structured questionnaire to the milk producer in all properties that recorded retained placenta was used, containing information about the producer of knowledge, prevalence, time of occurrence, cow, and treatment, evaluating up the direct losses. The results showed that 14.66% of the cows had retained placenta, 100% of dairy farmers know what is retained placenta, the disease results in damage and requested veterinary care. The producers considered placenta retained 12 to 72 hours after delivery, reflecting the delay for veterinary care. 36% of producers considered risk factors, only those related to management, 12% to diseases, 28% to management and to disease, 4% to diseases and factors related to animals and 8% consider the handling, diseases and animals. The average prevalence of retained placenta ranged between [...]

A retenção de placenta é uma síndrome multifatorial caracterizada pela permanência de parte ou totalidade das membranas fetais no lúmen uterino de 12 a 24 horas após o parto. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a prevalência, o conhecimento dos produtores e o impacto econômico direto decorrente da retenção de placenta em vacas leiteiras oriundas de rebanho da agricultura familiar no Sudoeste Paranaense. Foram observados 607 partos, durante um ano, em 25 propriedades leiteiras de agricultura familiar localizadas em quatro municípios da Região estudada. Considerou-se para o diagnóstico, a placenta retida após 12 horas do parto. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado ao produtor de leite em todas as propriedades que registraram retenção de placenta contendo informações sobre o conhecimento do produtor, prevalência, época de ocorrência, vaca e tratamento instituído, avaliando-se os prejuízos diretos. Os resultados revelaram que 14,66% das vacas tiveram retenção de placenta, 100% dos produtores de leite souberam o que é retenção de placenta, que a enfermidade resulta em prejuízos e solicitaram atendimento veterinário. Os produtores consideraram placenta retida de 12 à 72 horas após o parto, refletindo na demora para o atendimento veterinário. 36% dos produtores consideraram fatores de risco apenas aqueles ligados ao manejo, 12% a enfermidades, 28% ao manejo e a enfermidades, 4% [...]

Spontaneous poisoning by Hovenia dulcis in dairy cattle in Southwest Parana, Brazil.

Livestock poisoning by plants is a frequent occurrence which determines severe losses, such as the fall in the milk and meat production, the cost of expensive treatments, the state of immunosuppression, or even the animal's death. Cattle ingest toxic plants only when there is food shortage, when they cannot select what they eat, or when they ingest food for preference, which is the case of Hovenia dulcis fruits, very rich in sucrose. This plant is widely distributed in the southern and southeastern Brazilian regions. In literature, there are some cases of severe human liver injury associated with a long-term of H. dulcis leaf and fruit tea intake, and only one report regarding spontaneous poisoning of goats caused by this plant ingestion. However, its toxic effects associated with spontaneous ingestion by cattle have never been reported. This paper reports the first case of spontaneous poisoning in cattle by H. dulcis, which occurred in a dairy farm in southwest Paraná, Brazil. Three cattle individuals showed anorexia, ruminal atony, severe diarrhea and neurological tournament, head pressing, blindness, ataxia, and circling. The necropsy of the animals was done, and the remaining alterations were restricted to the digestive system and brain. The clinical signs presented by the animals are characteristic of polioencephalomalacia (PEM), caused by changes in the thiamine metabolism. Furthermore, clinical signs, gross, and microscopic lesions as well as the large amount of the plant throughout the digestive segment led to a diagnosis.