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1.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 15(1): 111-20, 2014 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24166667

ABSTRACT

The identification of new contaminants is critical in the development of new medicinal products. Many impurities, such as pentanedioic acid, hexanedioic acid, heptanedioic acid, octanedioic acid, decanedioic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tridecanedioic acid, and tetradecanedioic acid, have been identified in samples of azelaic acid. The aim of this study was to identify impurities observed during the stability tests of a new liposomal dosage form of azelaic acid that is composed of phosphatidylcholine and a mixture of ethyl alcohol and water, using high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD), gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. During the research and development of a new liposomal formulation of azelaic acid, we developed a method for determining the contamination of azelaic acid using HPLC-ELSD. During our analytical tests, we identified a previously unknown impurity of a liposomal preparation of azelaic acid that appeared in the liposomal formulation of azelaic acid during preliminary stability studies. The procedure led to the conclusion that the impurity was caused by the reaction of azelaic acid with one of the excipients that was applied in the product. The impurity was finally identified as an ethyl monoester of azelaic acid. The identification procedure of this compound was carried out in a series of experiments comparing the chromatograms that were obtained via the following chromatographic methods: HPLC-ELSD, GC-FID, and GC-MS. The final identification of the compound was carried out by GC with MS.


Subject(s)
Dicarboxylic Acids/chemistry , Drug Contamination , Liposomes/chemistry , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Dosage Forms , Ethanol/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods , Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry , Water/chemistry
2.
Molecules ; 15(11): 8214-28, 2010 Nov 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21076388

ABSTRACT

Various N-substituted benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones and their non-selenium-containing analogues have been synthesized and tested against selected viruses (HHV-1, EMCV and VSV) to determine the extent to which selenium plays a role in antiviral activity. The data presented here show that the presence of selenium is crucial for the antiviral properties of benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones since their isostructural analogues having different groups but lacking selenium either did not show any antiviral activity or their activity was substantially lower. The open-chain analogues of benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones--diselenides also exhibited high antiviral activity while selenides and disulfides were completely inactive towards model viruses.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Organoselenium Compounds/chemistry , Organoselenium Compounds/pharmacology , Selenium/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/chemical synthesis , Azoles/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Humans , Isoindoles , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Organoselenium Compounds/chemical synthesis , Structure-Activity Relationship , Sulfur Compounds/chemical synthesis , Sulfur Compounds/chemistry , Sulfur Compounds/pharmacology , Viruses/drug effects
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