[Occurrence of parasites, bacteria, viruses and fungi in fish that are pathogenic to men and fish]. / Wystepowanie u ryb baltyckich pasozytów, bakterii, wirusów i grzybów patogennych dla ludzi i ryb.

Parasitological examinations comprised above 20,000 fish which were searched for parasitic nematoda of Anisakidae. It was evidenced that herring were infected with anisakid larvae in 8%, cod and flatfish in 4% and the eelpouts in as many as in 52%. The species that prevails in these fish were: Anisakis simplex, Contracaecum osculatum C, Hysterothylacium auctum and Pseudoterranova decipiens, respectively. In direction of the bacteria pathogenic to man 765 fish were examined; in 38% there were found pathogenic strains such as coagulase-positive staphylococci, even Salmonella and Shigella. Besides there were cultivated 109 strains of bacteria pathogenic to fish belonging to the genera: Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Moraxella Virological evaluation comprised 527 fish, in that number Enteroviruses (Coxsackie, ECHO) were identified in 31% fish and viral agent, likely to be pathogenic to fish in 8% specimens. Not a one case of infection with Ichthyophonus hoferi fungus in the herring hitherto examined was noted.

Human pathogenic viruses in waters of Lake Zarnowieckie (north Poland).

The objective of the study was to determine the occurrence of viruses pathogenic to man in the Lake Zarnowieckie and its neighbourhood that is in the area that was to be terminally polluted by the nuclear power-station built there. In 1990, the construction of the power-station was given up, and it will not be finished. In 1986-1989, water samples were periodically collected from a number of sampling points in the Lake Zarnowieckie, the Piasnica river, and from the coastal water of the Baltic Sea. The total of 304 water samples were examined virologically, out of this number 51 (16.8%) showed a positive cytopathic effect in green monkey kidney cell culture GMK, indicating the presence of enteroviruses and adenoviruses. The isolated viruses were identified with the aid of serological neutralization reaction. Of the three types of enteroviruses, identified were: polio-serotypes 1, 2, 3--seven times (they were vaccine viruses probably, because poliomyelitis has almost been eradicated in Poland, the reported number of cases was from 0 to 4 annually), coxsackie B-2, 3, 4, 5 serotypes-20 times; ECHO-4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 serotypes-22 times and adenoviruses-5 serotype-3 times. Obtaining viruses from the majority sampling points of the Lake Zarnowieckie testified for their wide spread in waters of the lake. Isolation of coxsackie B and ECHO in spring and autumn, and polio and adenoviruses in summer suggested the seasonal character of their occurrence. The presence of enteroviruses in the water coming from the sewage treatment plant proved their not complete inactivation during the treatment process.