ABSTRACT
The influence of misinformation on the reliability of the histopathological classification of bladder tumours was analysed. Four consultant pathologists assessed 40 biopsy specimens of bladder tumours staging invasion and grading the specimens according to the Bergkvist classification. A random sample of 20 specimens was accompanied by systematically distorted information ("bias"-unknown to the pathologists) about previous histological grading of the patient (bias group); the other 20 specimens were used as control group (non bias group). After 6 months a second round with the same specimens was arranged to assess the influence of bias on the intraobserver variation. Using kappa (kappa) statistics the chance corrected interobserver agreement rate was poor both in staging of invasion and grading according to the Bergkvist classification (kappa < 0.50). The kappa values in the intraobserver study ranged from poor to excellent with a tendency towards lower kappa when the observer had been biased. The kappa values in the assessment of malignancy were acceptable to excellent. False information did not affect the pathologists' diagnosis significantly.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder/pathology , Biopsy/statistics & numerical data , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/epidemiology , Humans , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Staging , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiologySubject(s)
Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Denmark , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Scandinavian and Nordic CountriesSubject(s)
Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Denmark , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/etiologyABSTRACT
The elastosis-inducing capacity of UV-A and UV-B was studied in the skin of hairless mice. After irradiation with UV-B and UV-A applied either simultaneously, separately or sequentially, the degree of elastosis in the dermis was microscopically evaluated. This semi-quantitative method showed no significant elastosis in the UV-A irradiated mice, and moderate elastosis in the UV-B irradiated mice. Heavy elastosis was observed when the mice were exposed sequentially to UV-B and a large dose of UV-A, but if a moderate dose of UV-A was given simultaneously with UV-B, the degree of elastosis was slightly reduced compared with the elastosis induced by UV-B alone.
