ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Soft tissue haemangiomas are common benign vascular lesions that can be accompanied by reactive changes in the adjacent bone structure. This study aimed to discuss the MRI features of soft-tissue haemangiomas with an emphasis on changes in bone. METHODS: The radiographic and MRI findings of 23 patients (9 males, 14 females; mean age 25 years; age range 2-46 years) with soft-tissue haemangiomas were analysed retrospectively. MR images were evaluated for location of the lesion, size, configuration, signal features, contrast patterns, proximity to adjacent bone and changes in the accompanying bone. Excisional biopsy was performed in 15 patients. RESULTS: Radiographs demonstrated phleboliths in 8 patients (34%) and reactive bone changes in 4 (19%). On MRI, T1 weighted images showed that most of the lesions were isointense or isohyperintense, as compared with muscle tissue; however, on T2 weighted images all lesions appeared as hyperintense. Following intravenous gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) administration, homogeneous enhancement was observed in 3 lesions and heterogeneous enhancement was seen in 19. No enhancement was observed in one patient. Bone atrophy adjacent to the lesion was observed in four patients. CONCLUSION: MRI is the most valuable means of diagnosing deep soft-tissue haemangiomas. Bone changes can accompany deeply situated haemangiomas; in four of our patients, we found atrophy of the bone adjacent to the lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature regarding atrophy of the bone adjacent to a lesion.
Subject(s)
Bone and Bones/pathology , Calcinosis/diagnosis , Gadolinium DTPA , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging , Child , Child, Preschool , Contrast Media , Female , Hemangioma/diagnostic imaging , Hemangioma/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We undertook this study to evaluate the frequency of visualization and the sonographic appearances of urachal remnants (URs) in asymptomatic children. METHODS: One hundred eighty-two children without any urachus-related symptoms underwent sonography of the prevesical region and urinary bladder with high-frequency transducers. RESULTS: A UR was visualized in 180 (99%) of the children. The URs had a mean length +/- standard deviation of 13 +/- 5 mm. Most of the URs were ovoid, and most demonstrated a moderate protrusion into the bladder cavity. The URs with a central echogenic area were larger than those without central echogenicity. In 36 (61%) of the 59 URs that were evaluated with color Doppler sonography, vascular signals were demonstrated within the lesion. The URs with internal vascular signals were significantly larger than those without internal vascular signals. CONCLUSIONS: The gray-scale and color Doppler sonographic characteristics of URs seem to be related to their size and their degree of involution rather than to the age of the child. We think that URs are present in almost all children. URs should be considered normal findings if they are asymptomatic and their length is not significantly greater than 22.5 mm, the 95th percentile in our study.
Subject(s)
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/methods , Urachus/abnormalities , Urachus/diagnostic imaging , Urinary Bladder/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Anthropometry , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Sensitivity and Specificity , Urinary Bladder/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Until recently aneurysms in the portal venous system were considered to be very rare lesions. This opinion has largely been changed by the increasing number of cases reported in recent years. In this paper we report the cases of five patients with portal venous system aneurysms, including one with splenic vein aneurysm. One patient had associated portal hypertension. The reexamination of two patients 2 years later showed no change in the aneurysms. The sonographic features and related literature are reviewed. In the light of this series and the information in the literature, we recommend that portal venous system aneurysms should no longer be considered exceptionally rare entities.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Portal Vein , Adult , Aged , Aneurysm/physiopathology , Blood Flow Velocity , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging , Portography , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography, DopplerABSTRACT
The blood flow may be diverted from the external to the internal carotid artery via the carotid bulb in the absence of flow in the common carotid artery. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, hemodynamics, and clinical features of this condition. Reviewing the records of color duplex ultrasonographic examinations, we found carotid steal in 12 carotid arteries of 10 patients. In three patients flow in the ipsilateral external carotid artery was bidirectional. The steal had been demonstrated angiographically in six patients. The cause of the phenomenon was atherosclerosis, Takayasu arteritis, or trauma. Awareness of this pathway of collateral circulation may contribute to diagnostic work-up and expand management alternatives.
