Diagnostic investigations of canine prostatitis incidence together with benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate malignancies, and biochemical recurrence in high-risk prostate cancer as a model for human study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of acute and chronic inflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and cancer of the prostate glands in the canine as a human model in prostate disorders. The study was carried out on 12 cases of different male dogs of terrier (50%), German shepherd (25%) breeds, and Greden (25%), and the age of the dogs ranged from 6 to 13 years (average age 7.8 ± 3.6). The bodyweight ranged from 3.6 to 7.9 kg. Signalment, clinical signs, and diagnostic tools such as ultrasonography, urinary cytology, and histopathology are presented. Dysuria was the most common clinical sign in this study and occurred in 10/12 canine (83.3%) included. Other clinical signs included lameness (5/12 canine, 41.6%) and constipation (3/12 canine, 25%). The range of duration of clinical signs was 5 days to 7 months. Moreover, in the present study, the urinary biochemical markers of different prostate lesions include blood, protein, and glucose and were detected in 11/12 cases (91.6%), 5/12 cases (41.6%), and 2/12 cases (16.6%), respectively. Taken together, sonographic data were classified into four groups based on histological diagnosis. In 7/12 cases (58.4%), the prostate appeared to have BPH lesions, and the remaining lesions included inflammation (3/12 cases, 25%), abscess (1 case, 8.3%), and adenocarcinoma (1 case, 8/3%) on ultrasound. In all cases, prostate tissue had an irregular echotexture. None of the dogs had sonographic evidence of sublumbar lymph node enlargement. Histopathologically, we looked at the prevalence of inflammation (33.3% chronic and 8.3% acute) and BPH (58.4%) in dogs of different ages and breeds, and also, we observed chronic inflammation in >20% of dogs, which was about 25% in 3 cases of the 12 cases referred. More chronic inflammation was associated with more BPH. The majority of the asymptomatic inflammation that is detected in the prostate is classified as chronic inflammation (i.e., as evidenced by the presence of monocytic and/or lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory cell infiltrates); however, acute inflammation is also observed to a lesser degree. Acute inflammation, as is typically evidenced by the infiltration of neutrophils, is classically an indicator of an infectious process. Finally, the patients included seven castrated, four castrated together with antibiotic therapy, and one castrated together with chemotherapy intact male dogs, which were treated with the mentioned cases. In conclusion, chronic prostatic inflammation could be a central mechanism in BPH progression, but the pathological features of tissue inflammation were different between BPH and prostate cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, the histological examination of prostate biopsies remains the only way to diagnose prostatic disorders.

Diagnostic procedures for improving of the KIT (CD117) expressed allele burden for the liver metastases from uterus mast cell tumors: prognostic value of the metastatic pattern and tumor biology.

The activating KIT marker plays a central role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and targeted treatment of systemic mastocytosis (SM). Recent studies have identified the KIT (CD117) as a marker that distinguishes nonneoplastic from neoplastic mast cells in human systemic mastocytosis. In this study, we conclude that immunohistopathology assays for KIT staining pattern are useful complimentary tools for diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis in uterus mast cell tumor (MCT) metastasis to the liver in 10 patients. Uterine and hepatic cytology revealed mast cell neoplasia, which was confirmed as visceral mast cell tumor on postmortem examination. Histological changes of densely packed, poorly differentiated neoplastic mast cells, sheets of neoplastic round to pleomorphic cells that formed nonencapsulated nodules, high mitotic figures, necrosis, and fibrosis were found. In addition, eosinophils were scattered among the mast cells at the periphery of the nodules. These findings indicate tumors of high-grade malignancy with infiltrative cells resembling the uterus MCT in the intraparenchymal and periparenchymal areas of the liver. Immunohistochemically, tumors were positive for KIT. The histopathologic features coupled with the KIT immunoreactivity led to diagnosis of high-grade uterus MCTs. Taken together, these findings suggest that CD117 may play a critical role in early uterus MCT development and may be a stimulatory factor in grade 3 MCT. Therefore, the result has supported our hypothesis that there was an increased opportunity to observe a higher CD117 staining pattern in high-grade MCTs.

Cyto-histopathological and outcome features of the prepuce squamous cell carcinoma of a mixed breed dog.

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are uncommon, high-grade tumors, predominantly composed of round cells in the prepuce. The aim of this study is to better define the clinicopathologic features of this neoplasm. CASE REPORT: We conducted cyto-histopathologic analysis on the manifestations of the prepuce SCC by H & E staining in a terrier mix dog. Grossly, tumor was large, multiple erythematous patch, and ulcerated masses frequently affecting the prepuce and deeply invading to distal prepuce out from the ventro-lateral of penis and the tumor covered by a necrotic discharge. Cytological evaluation of fine-needle aspirates from the cutaneous mass from the prepuce comprised of round nuclei, coarse chromatin pattern, distinct nucleoli and nuclear pleomorphism. Furthermore, the neoplastic cells were pleomorphic, round to caudate in shape, exhibiting prominent anisokaryosis and anisocytosis with rare mitotic features. Microscopically, the lesions were predominantly composed of atypical round cells disposed in interlacing fascicles. Frequent findings include keratin formation, horn pearls, mitoses and cellular atypia. The cells showed distinct borders, ranged from polygonal to round or elongate and had moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: The histopathologic features coupled with the cytopathology findings led to a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that multiple erythematous plaques have undergone malignant transformation in a terrier mix dog. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5748771971272873.