[Electroencephalographic monitoring during sevofluorane and halothane anesthesia in children].

Twenty-two children aged 5 to 15 years were examined. Ten children underwent fluorothane; 12 received a combination of sevofluorane and isofluorane. EEG was continuously recorded by a 9-channel computer-assisted encephalograph via bilateral electrode placement and BIS values were simultaneously measured. In the fluorothane group, EEG displayed a gradual reduction in basic rhythm, an increase in slow activity with the rhythm being recovered on emergence. The BIS index changed from 95-98 to 40-45 with a spike up to 78-84 on emergence. In the sevofluorane group, EEG recorded a pointed alpha rhythm, increased amplitude, and rhythm synchronization. The isofluorane anesthesia stage changed EEC patterns towards a reduction in cortical rhythm with slow fluctuations. The BIS value changed from 96-99 to 19-25 with 35-40 on anesthesia maintenance and up to 82-87 on emergence. The BIS data agree with EEG readings at all anesthesia stages.

[Postoperative analgesia with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs in children]. / Posleoperatsionnoe obezbolivanie nesteroidnymi protivovospalitel'nymi preparatami u detei.

The purpose of the case-study was to evaluate the efficiency of non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs (NAD) for postoperative analgesia in children after small-scope surgical interventions. Diclofenac, 1 mg/kg per day administered as rectal suppositories or intramuscular injections after initial narcosis, was used for postoperative analgesia in children of the main group; postoperative analgesia made by analgin and promedol in the control group was compared with the former. Forty-seven children and 10 children with identical diseases like groin hernia, varicocele and dropsy of testicular membranes, were respectively in the main and control groups. Clinical examinations and registration of functional parameters were made in patients during certain time periods, i.e. before surgery (in the standing and lying postures) and after surgery (in 20 minutes, as well as in 1, 2, and 3 hours after surgical interventions). The efficiency of postoperative analgesia was evaluated by means of cardiointervalography according to Bayevsky method as well as by a state of central hemodynamics and by clinical examinations, including the visual-analogue 10-point scale and the 0-4 point verbal pain assessment scale. The postoperatively obtained data revealed a pronounced misbalance between the main and control groups, which is indicative of that the application of NAD for preventive and postoperative analgesia in children improves essentially the postoperative course and contributes to a fast rehabilitation of patients. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of postoperative analgesia by the discussed drugs showed that diclofenac possesses a sufficient analgetic activity and is free of any side-effects inherent in narcotic analgetics.

[Analysis of long-term results of surgical treatment of anorectal maldevelopment in girls]. / Analiz otdalennykh rezul'tatov khirurgicheskogo lecheniia anorektal'nykh porokov razvitiia u devochek.

77 girls with anorectal maldevelopments were treated from 1979 to 1999. Long-term results were followed up from 2 to 20 years in 65 patients. Functional methods of sphincters examination, clinical examination and interview were used. Good and satisfactory results were achieved in 90% patients. Complex of functional methods, clinical examination and interview permits to evaluate objectively long-term results of anorectal maldevelopments' surgical treatment. The modification of Riccioli operation has a number of advantages over other surgical methods of treatment of anorectal maldevelopments with fistulas into genital organs and permits to achieve good long-term functional results in the majority of patients with intermediate and lower forms of anorectal maldevelopments.